Table 4. Chemicals used in routine oil and gas development that are classified by the United Nations Globally Harmonized System (GHS) in Categories 1 and 2 for ecotoxicitya.
| Chemical name | CASRN | Water Fleab | Fathead Minnowc | Rainbow Troutd | Green Algaee | Frequency of use (% events) | Median mass per event (kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene | 526-73-8 | - | - | - | 2 | 0.3% | 1.0 |
| 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene | 95-63-6 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | 5.7% | 1.6 |
| 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene | 108-67-8 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 0.3% | 2.3 |
| 2-Mercaptoethyl alcohol | 60-24-2 | 2 | - | - | 2 | 0.7% | 2.5 |
| 2-Methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone | 2682-20-4 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 0.2% | 2.6 |
| 5-Chloro-2-methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone | 26172-55-4 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 0.1% | 5.2 |
| Acrylamide | 79-06-1 | 3 | >3 | >3 | 1 | 0.8% | <0.1 |
| Alcohols, C10-14, ethoxylated | 66455-15-0 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.6% | 64 |
| Aluminum | 7429-90-5 | - | - | 1 | - | 16.5% | 9.1 |
| Ammonium chloride | 12125-02-9 | >3 | 2 | >3 | - | 48.4% | 454 |
| Benzene, c10-c16 alkyl derivatives | 68648-87-3 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.9% | <0.1 |
| Benzene, tetrapropylene- | 25265-78-5 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.1% | 2.7 |
| Benzoisothiazolinone | 2634-33-5 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 0.1% | <0.1 |
| Bis(isopropyl)naphthalene | 38640-62-9 | - | - | - | 1 | 2.0% | 1.8 |
| Canola oil | 120962-03-0 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.3% | 92 |
| Cocamidopropyl betaine | 61789-40-0 | 2 | - | - | >3 | 0.7% | <0.1 |
| Cyclohexasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-dodecamethyl- | 540-97-6 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.3% | <0.1 |
| Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl- | 541-02-6 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.3% | <0.1 |
| DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) | 10222-01-2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.3% | 4.1 |
| Dodecylbenzene | 123-01-3 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.1% | 5.4 |
| Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid | 27176-87-0 | 2 | - | 2 | 3 | 1.4% | <0.1 |
| Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-[methyl[(9z)-1-oxo-9-octadecen-1-yl]amino]-, sodium salt (1:1) | 137-20-2 | - | - | - | 2 | 0.6% | 53 |
| Ethoxylated C14-15 alcohols | 68951-67-7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.3% | 2.4 |
| Ethoxylated hexanol | 68439-45-2 | 2 | - | 2 | >3 | 0.3% | 16 |
| Ethylbenzene | 100-41-4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 31.3% | 2.9 |
| Fatty acids, tall-oil | 61790-12-3 | >3 | - | - | 1 | 0.4% | 7.1 |
| Fatty acids, tall-oil, reaction products with triethanolamine | 67784-78-5 | - | - | - | 2 | 1.3% | <0.1 |
| Ferric chloride | 7705-08-0 | 2 | 3 | - | - | 0.5% | 30 |
| Glutaraldehyde | 111-30-8 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 23.1% | 75 |
| Glyoxal | 107-22-2 | >3 | >3 | 0 | 2 | 23.0% | 3.6 |
| Hydrochloric acid | 7647-01-0 | 1 | - | 2 | - | 54.8% | 1,311 |
| Hydrotreated light petroleum distillate | 64742-47-8 | - | 3 | 2 | 1 | 32.9% | 17 |
| Isopropylbenzene | 98-82-8 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 29.5% | 0.3 |
| Lecithins | 8002-43-5 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.3% | 1.4 |
| Lithium hypochlorite | 13840-33-0 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 0.2% | 129 |
| Naphtha (petroleum), heavy catalytic reformed | 64741-68-0 | - | - | - | 2 | 0.2% | 18 |
| Naphthalene | 91-20-3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 48.4% | 0.3 |
| Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane | 556-67-2 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.3% | <0.1 |
| Petroleum distillate-mineral oil grade | 8002-05-9 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 0.1% | 30 |
| Petroleum distillates | 64741-44-2 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.1% | 138,679 |
| Petroleum distillates | 64742-46-7 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.1% | 138,679 |
| Poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), a-(nonylphenyl)-w-hydroxy- | 9016-45-9 | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 13.2% | 4.6 |
| Polyethylene glycol monostearate | 9004-99-3 | - | - | - | 1 | 1.3% | <0.1 |
| Polypropylene | 9003-07-0 | - | - | - | 1 | 1.1% | 56 |
| Polysiloxanes, di-Me | 63148-62-9 | 3 | - | - | 1 | 1.6% | <0.1 |
| Propargyl alcohol | 107-19-7 | - | 2 | - | >3 | 53.8% | 3.7 |
| Quinoline | 91-22-5 | 3 | 1 | - | 3 | 18.8% | 0.1 |
| Sodium chloroacetate | 3926-62-3 | >3 | - | - | 1 | 0.3% | <0.1 |
| Sodium hypochlorite | 7681-52-9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | >3 | 0.2% | 2.3 |
| Sodium silicate | 1344-09-8 | 1 | - | - | - | 0.7% | 72 |
| Solvent naphtha, petroleum, heavy arom. | 64742-94-5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 39.0% | 1.8 |
| Solvent naphtha, petroleum, light arom. | 64742-95-6 | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 5.8% | 1.7 |
| Sorbitan monostearate | 1338-41-6 | - | - | - | 1 | 1.3% | <0.1 |
| Stearic acid | 57-11-4 | - | - | - | 1 | 12.1% | 150 |
| Sulfonic acids, c14-16-alkane hydroxy and c14-16-alkene, sodium salts | 68439-57-6 | 2 | - | - | 3 | 0.1% | 5.4 |
| Tall oil | 8002-26-4 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.8% | 13 |
| Xylenes | 1330-20-7 | - | 3 | 2 | 2 | 32.0% | 1.5 |
| Zinc sulfate | 7733-02-0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 0.2% | 50 |
aOnly chemicals with valid CASRN could be evaluated.
bDaphnia magna
cPimephales promelas
dOncorhynchus mykiss
ecomputational estimates from EPI Suite.