Table 1.

Checkpoint inhibitors available in the USA and select inhibitors in advanced studies

Drug	Target	Indication	Stage of development
Ipilimumab	CTLA4	Melanoma	FDA approved
Tremulimumab	CTLA4	Head and neck	Phase III – NCT02369874
		Mesothelioma	Phase III – NCT01843374
		Non-small-cell lung cancer	Phase III – NCT02542293
Pembrolizumab	PD-1	Non-small-cell lung cancer	FDA approved
		Melanoma
		Head and neck cancer
Nivolumab	PD-1	Non-small-cell lung cancer	FDA approved
		Melanoma
		Renal cell cancer
		Head and neck cancer
		Hodgkin lymphoma
Pidilizumab	PD-1	Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	Phase II – NCT02530125
		Multiple myeloma	Phase I/II – NCT02077959
PDR001	PD-1	Neuroendocrine tumors	Phase II – NCT02955069
Atezolizumab	PD-L1	Non-small-cell lung cancer	FDA approved
		Bladder cancer
Durvalumab	PD-L1	Head and neck cancer	Phase III – NCT02369874
		Non-small-cell lung cancer	Phase III – NCT02453282
Avelumab	PD-L1	Non-small-cell lung cancer	Phase III – NCT02576574
		Breast cancer	Phase III – NCT02926196
		Ovarian cancer	Phase III – NCT02580058

Abbreviations: FDA, Food and Drug Administration; PD-1, programmed cell death-1; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1.