Figure 3.

Effect of anti-PD-L1 antibody on expression of mRNA for components involved in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Notes: The levels of PTEN, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR mRNA expression in pancreatic tumor tissue (A) and spontaneous liver metastases (B) were examined by RT-PCR. The mean levels of PTEN, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR mRNA expression were shown in representative images (left) and quantitative analysis demonstrating the average of three separate experiments (right). Data represent the mean ± SD (n=5). **P<0.01.

Abbreviations: PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; RT-PCR, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.