Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the 312 subjects, together with comparisons between those with and without BAC.
| Variable | All subjects (n = 312) | With BAC (n = 71) | Without BAC (n = 241) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 55.9 ± 7.4 | 54.8 ± 7.3 | 59.3 ± 6.5 | < 0.0001 |
| Race, % | ||||
| White | 64.3 | 57.7 | 66.5 | 0.23 |
| Biracial | 18.5 | 18.3 | 23.9 | |
| Black | 17.2 | 23.9 | 18.3 | |
| Marital status, % | ||||
| Married | 50.3 | 54.9 | 49.1 | 0.06 |
| Single | 36.5 | 29.6 | 38.8 | |
| Other | 13.2 | 15.5 | 12.1 | |
| Years of schooling, % | ||||
| 0 (illiterate) | 8.5 | 12.8 | 6.6 | 0.02 |
| ≤ 9 | 61.3 | 59.6 | 62.3 | |
| ≤ 12 | 23.1 | 27.7 | 21.9 | |
| > 12 | 7.0 | 0 | 9.3 | |
| Family income, % | ||||
| None | 0.4 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.007 |
| 1× the Brazilian minimum wage | 3.2 | 1.4 | 3.9 | |
| 1-3× the Brazilian minimum wage | 87.0 | 95.7 | 84.1 | |
| 3-5× the Brazilian minimum wage | 6.1 | 1.4 | 7.7 | |
| > 5× the Brazilian minimum wage | 3.2 | 0 | 4.3 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 31.0 ± 6.6 | 31.3 ± 6.2 | 30.9 ± 6.8 | 0.65 |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SD | 102.63 ± 12.4 | 102.8 ± 11.5 | 102.6 ± 12.8 | 0.89 |
| Smoking status, % | ||||
| Current smoker (n = 27) | 8.7 | 12.7 | 7.5 | 0.19 |
| Passive or former smoker (n = 84) | 30.8 | 34.3 | 29.2 | 0.43 |
| Comorbidities (%) | ||||
| AH (n = 238) | 76.3 | 93.0 | 71.3 | < 0.0001 |
| DM (n = 189) | 13.6 | 81.7 | 54.2 | < 0.0001 |
| CVD (n = 37) | 13.6 | 18.6 | 11.9 | 0.17 |
| CKD (n = 81) | 26.0 | 35.2 | 23.3 | 0.05 |
| Menopausal (n = 208), % | 66.7 | - | - | - |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.13 ± 0.7 | -1.24 ± 0.80 | 1.09 ± 0.70 | 0.17 |
| Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2), mean ± SD | 41.87 ± 6.23 | 39.93 ± 7.91 | 42.46 ± 5.52 | 0.003 |
| CKD stage, % | ||||
| 3A (n = 73) | 23.4 | - | - | |
| 3B (n = 223) | 71.5 | - | - | |
| 4 (n = 8) | 2.6 | - | - | |
| 5 (n = 4) | 1.3 | - | - | |
| No data (n = 4) | - | - | - |
SD, standard deviation; AH, arterial hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease.