Table 2. Sociodemographic profile of children with diarrhea attended at the Bengo General Hospital.
| Variable | [0–12 [months | [12–24 [months | [24–59] months | [0–59] months | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RV(+) | RV(-) | RV(+) | RV(-) | RV(+) | RV(-) | RV(+) | RV(-) | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Child gender (N = 342) | N = 69 | N = 118 | N = 16 | N = 76 | N = 1 | N = 62 | N = 86 | N = 256 |
| Male (N = 183) | 39 (56.5) | 72 (61.0) | 9 (56.3) | 34 (44.7) | 1 (100.0) | 28 (45.2) | 49 (57.0) | 134 (52.3) |
| Female (N = 159) | 30 (43.5) | 46 (39.0) | 7 (43.8) | 42 (55.3) | 0 (0.0) | 34 (54.8) | 37 (43.0) | 122 (47.7) |
| Province of residence (N = 342) | N = 69 | N = 118 | N = 16 | N = 76 | N = 1 | N = 62 | N = 86 | N = 256 |
| Bengo (N = 286) | 54 (78.3) | 100 (84.7) | 14 (87.5) | 64 (84.2) | 1 (100) | 53 (85.5) | 69 (80.2) | 217 (84.8) |
| Luanda (N = 56) | 15 (21.7) | 18 (15.3) | 2 (12.5) | 12 (15.8) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (14.5) | 17 (19.8) | 39 (15.2) |
| Settlement typea (N = 250) | N = 49 | N = 90 | N = 8 | N = 57 | N = 1 | N = 45 | N = 58 | N = 192 |
| Urban (N = 231) | 44 (89.8) | 81 (90.0) | 8 (100.0) | 54 (94.7) | 1 (100.0) | 43 (95.6) | 53 (91.4) | 178 (92.7) |
| Rural (N = 19) | 5 (10.2) | 9 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.4) | 5 (8.6) | 14 (7.3) |
| Maternal literacy (N = 337) | N = 69 | N = 115 | N = 16 | N = 74 | N = 1 | N = 62 | N = 86 | N = 251 |
| No (N = 65) | 14 (20.3) | 20 (17.4) | 2 (12.5) | 13 (17.6) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (25.8) | 16 (18.6) | 49 (19.5) |
| Yes (N = 272) | 55 (79.7) | 95 (82.6) | 14 (87.5) | 61 (82.4) | 1 (100.0) | 46 (74.2) | 70 (81.4) | 202 (80.5) |
| Education level of the mother (N = 272) | N = 55 | N = 95 | N = 14 | N = 61 | N = 1 | N = 46 | N = 70 | N = 202 |
| Basic (N = 219) | 46 (83.6) | 78 (82.1) | 11 (78.6) | 48 (78.7) | 1 (100.0) | 35 (76.1) | 58 (82.9) | 161 (79.7) |
| High school (N = 48) | 6 (10.9) | 16 (16.8) | 3 (21.4) | 13 (21.3) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (21.7) | 9 (12.9) | 39 (19.3) |
| University (N = 5) | 3 (5.5) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.2) | 3 (4.3) | 2 (1.0) |
| Water source from the CWTPb (N = 342) | N = 69 | N = 118 | N = 16 | N = 76 | N = 1 | N = 62 | N = 86 | N = 256 |
| Yes (N = 238) | 51 (73.9) | 80 (67.8) | 12 (75.0) | 50 (65.8) | 1 (100.0) | 44 (71.0) | 64 (74.4) | 174 (68.0) |
| No (N = 104) | 18 (26.1) | 38 (32.2) | 4 (25.0) | 26 (34.2) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (29.0) | 22 (25.6) | 82 (32.0) |
| Drinking water source/treatmentc (N = 342) | N = 69 | N = 118 | N = 16 | N = 76 | N = 1 | N = 62 | N = 86 | N = 256 |
| From CWTP and not treated at home (N = 98) | 20 (29.0) | 32 (27.1) | 6 (37.5) | 21 (27.6) | 1 (100.0) | 18 (29.0) | 27 (31.4) | 71 (27.7) |
| From CWTP and treated at home (N = 140) | 31 (44.9) | 48 (40.7) | 6 (37.5) | 29 (38.2) | 0 (0.0) | 26 (41.9) | 37 (43.0) | 103 (40.2) |
| Only treated at home (N = 65) | 11 (15.9) | 25 (21.2) | 3 (18.8) | 16 (21.1) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (16.1) | 14 (16.3) | 51 (19.9) |
| Not treated (N = 39) | 7 (10.1) | 13 (11.0) | 1 (6.3) | 10 (13.2) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (12.9) | 8 (9.3) | 31 (12.1) |
| Sanitation facilities (N = 342) | N = 69 | N = 118 | N = 16 | N = 76 | N = 1 | N = 62 | N = 86 | N = 256 |
| Without latrine (N = 70) | 12 (17.4) | 24 (20.3) | 2 (12.5) | 14 (18.4) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (29.0) | 14 (16.3) | 56 (21.9) |
| Private latrine with running water (N = 99) | 18 (26.1) | 39 (33.1) | 4 (25.0) | 20 (26.3) | 1 (100.0) | 17 (27.4) | 23 (26.7) | 76 (29.7) |
| Private latrine without running water (N = 47) | 11 (15.9) | 12 (10.2) | 3 (18.8) | 14 (18.4) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (11.3) | 14 (16.3) | 33 (12.9) |
| Public latrine with running water (N = 59) | 15 (21.7) | 18 (15.3) | 6 (37.5) | 11 (14.5) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (14.5) | 21 (24.4) | 38 (14.8) |
| Public latrine without running water (N = 67) | 13 (18.8) | 25 (21.2) | 1 (6.3) | 17 (22.4) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (17.7) | 14 (16.3) | 53 (20.7) |
| Breastfeeding (N = 342) | N = 69 | N = 118 | N = 16 | N = 76 | N = 1 | N = 62 | N = 86 | N = 256 |
| Exclusive (N = 38) | 14 (20.3) | 20 (16.9) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.6) | 14 (16.3) | 24 (9.4) |
| Complementary (N = 202 | 54 (78.3) | 85 (72.0) | 14 (87.5) | 45 (59.2) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (6.5) | 68 (79.1) | 134 (52.3) |
| Weaned (N = 98) | 1 (1.4) | 11 (9.3) | 2 (12.5) | 28 (36.8) | 1 (100.0) | 55 (88.7) | 4 (4.7) | 94 (36.7) |
| Never (N = 4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.6) |
| Malnutrition (N = 332) | ||||||||
| - Underweight (weight for age z score) | ||||||||
| WAZ ≤ -2SD (N = 113) | 23 (33.8) | 36 (31.3) | 9 (56.3) | 25 (35.2) | 1 (100.0) | 19 (31.1) | 33 (38.8) | 80 (32.4) |
| WAS > -2SD (N = 219) | 45 (66.2) | 79 (68.7) | 7 (43.8) | 46 (64.8) | 0 (0.0) | 42 (68.9) | 52 (61.2) | 167 (67.6) |
| - Wasting (weight for height z score) | ||||||||
| WHZ ≤ -2SD (N = 103) | 26 (37.7) | 32 (28.3) | 5 (33.3) | 26 (35.1) | 1 (100.0) | 13 (21.7) | 32 (37.6) | 71 (28.7) |
| WHZ > -2SD (N = 229) | 43 (62.3) | 81 (71.7) | 10 (66.7) | 48 (64.9) | 0 (0.0) | 47 (78.3) | 53 (62.4) | 176 (71.3) |
| - Stunting (height for age z score) | ||||||||
| HAZ ≤ -2SD (N = 107) | 10 (14.5) | 37 (32.7)* | 4 (26.7) | 33 (44.6) | 0 (0.0) | 23 (38.3) | 14 (16.5) | 93 (37.7)** |
| HAZ > -2SD (N = 225) | 59 (85.5) | 76 (67.3) | 11 (73.3) | 41 (55.4) | 1 (100.0) | 37 (61.7) | 71 (83.5) | 154 (62.3) |
aFrom the 342 households, only those from Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA) study area were included for analysis (N = 250).
b Water from the Central Water Treatment Plant (CWTP) included drinking water from taps in the yard, private tanks, public taps and piped water. Other water sources, as the river, irrigation channel and borehole/tubewell were considered not being from the CWTP.
c Water treatment methods at home included the use of bleach or alum stone, boiling and filtration.
* p value (x2) = 0.006; OR = 0.348; 95%CI] 0.160–0.757[
** p value (x2) <0.001; OR = 0.327; 95%CI] 0.174;0.612[