Table 1.
Outcome after TBI
| Newborn | Juvenile | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vasoactive agent | Male | Female | Male | Female |
| EPI | Protection | Protection | No protection | Protection |
| Modulation of JNK MAPK | ||||
| NE | No protection | Protection | Protection | Protection |
| Modulation of IL-6 via ERK MAPK | ||||
| Phe | Potentiated impairment | Protection | Unknown | Unknown |
| Modulation of ERK MAPK | ||||
| DA | Protection | Protection | Unknown | Unknown |
| Modulation of ERK MAPK | ||||
TBI, traumatic brain injury; EPI, epinephrine; NE, norepinephrine; Phe, phenylephrine; DA, dopamine, JNK, c-Jun-terminal kinase; MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase; IL, interleukin; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase.