Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of Medicare Beneficiaries and their Index Hospital Admissions by Varying Definitions of Multiple Chronic Conditions (MCC)
| Total Beneficiaries (n=710,609) | ≥2 CCW-Defined Conditionsa (n=660,358) | ≥2 CCI-Defined Conditionsa (n=261,168) | ≥2 ACG®-Defined Conditionsa (n=132,306) | ≥2 c-SNP-Defined Conditionsa (n=446,220) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Medicare Beneficiaries (n, % total beneficiaries) | 710,609 (100.0) | 660,358 (92.9) | 261,168 (36.8) | 132,306 (18.6) | 446,220 (62.8) |
| Age (median years, IQR) | 78 (72-85) | 79 (73-85) | 79 (73-85) | 80 (74-86) | 79 (73-85) |
| Female (n, %) | 450,827 (63.4) | 424,435 (64.3) | 154,540 (59.2) | 81,245 (61.4) | 272,169 (61.0) |
| Race | |||||
| White (n, %) | 631,011 (88.8) | 586,157 (88.8) | 223,980 (85.8) | 114,197 (86.3) | 391,036 (87.6) |
| Black (n, %) | 52,592 (7.4) | 49,087 (7.4) | 26,073 (10.0) | 12,997 (9.8) | 37,327 (8.4) |
| Other (n, %) | 27,006 (3.8) | 25,114 (3.8) | 11,115 (4.3) | 5,112 (3.9) | 17,857 (4.0) |
| Enrolled in Medicaid (n, %) | 119,525 (16.8) | 114,807 (17.4) | 61,303 (23.5) | 30,918 (23.4) | 91,315 (20.5) |
| Hospital admissions in 12 months prior to index admission (median n, IQR) | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) | 1 (0-2) | 2 (1-3) | 0 (0-1) |
| Emergency department visits in 12 months prior to index admission(median n, IQR) | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) | 1 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) |
| Clinic visits in 12 months prior to index admission (median n, IQR) | 9 (5-14) | 9 (6-15) | 12 (8-19) | 13 (8-20) | 11 (7-17) |
| Index Admission Length of Stay (median days, IQR) | 4 (2-6) | 4 (2-6) | 4 (3-7) | 4 (3-7) | 4 (2-7) |
| Index Admission Hospital Typeb,c | |||||
| Non-profit (n, %) | 520,770 (73.4) | 484,264 (73.5) | 192,035 (73.7) | 96,731 (73.3) | 326,898 (73.4) |
| For-profit (n, %) | 93,190 (13.1) | 86,723 (13.2) | 34,321 (13.2) | 17,738 (13.4) | 59,203 (13.3) |
| Public (n, %) | 95,126 (13.4) | 87,960 (13.4) | 34,276 (13.2) | 17,549 (13.3) | 59,170 (13.3) |
| Index Hospital Total Beds (median n, IQR)c | 314 (168-497) | 314 (168-494) | 317 (173-502) | 316 (172-504) | 317 (172-502) |
| Discharged to Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) from Index Admission (%) | 154,408 (21.7) | 149,680 (22.7) | 71,495 (27.4) | 40,112 (30.3) | 114,145 (25.6) |
| 30-Day Post-Discharge Mortality (%) | 60,402 (8.5) | 57,777 (8.8) | 34,479 (13.2) | 18,997 (14.4) | 49,730 (11.4) |
| 30-Day Hospital Readmission (%) | 82,504 (11.6) | 78,746 (11.9) | 44,245 (16.9) | 26,860 (20.3) | 63,886 (14.3) |
Chronic Condition Data Warehouse (CCW), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups® (ACG®) Case-Mix System, Medicare Advantage Special Needs Plan Chronic Conditions (c-SNP)
Index Admission Hospital Type is based on the Provider of Service (POS) file 2 digit codes. Non-profit includes church (01), private (02), and other (03) voluntary non-profit hospitals. For-profit includes proprietary (04) hospitals. Public includes federal (05), state (06), local (07), and hospital district or authority (08) government hospitals.
Missing Data: There were 1,523 observations (0.21%) missing from the Provider of Service file for “Index Admission Hospital Type.” There were 1,518 (0.21%) observations missing from the POS file for “Index Hospital Total Beds.”