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Changes in conditioned pain modulation (a), pressure pain threshold (b), cold pain tolerance (c), and cold pain threshold (d) from baseline to 12-month follow-up assessment for the group who developed chronic neck pain (CNP; black circles) and a control group who remained pain-free (CON; gray circles). Values are mean (SD). ∗p = 0.05 between groups at baseline. +p = 0.02 from baseline to 12 months for CNP group.
