Neonatal hypoxia (NH) leads to thinner myelin in the peripheral nervous system. Myelination in the sciatic nerve of NH (gray bars) and room air (RA) (black bars) was analyzed using electron microscopy. A: For the NH model, mice were exposed to 10% ± 0.5% oxygen from P3 to P11, and tissue for electron microscopy analysis was collected at P7, P11, P18, and P60. B: Electron microscopy images from sciatic nerve of RA control and NH-exposed pups. C: Myelin thickness measured by g-ratio was significantly thinner in NH-exposed pups than in RA controls at all time points examined. D: NH had no effect on the percentage of myelinated axons in the sciatic nerve. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. n = 4 to 6 mice per group for g-ratio calculations >200 axons; n = 4 to 6 mice per group for percentage of myelination. ∗P < 0.05 by two-tailed t-test. Scale bar = 2 μm (B). P–, postnatal day–.