Figure 1.

Null epac mutants show impaired short-term memory. Trans-combinations of small deletions generate null epac mutants that exhibit normal sensory acuity but impaired aversive odor learning. (A) Deletion of the epac locus was achieved by remobilizing FRT-containing P-elements; epacD1 by combining d04690 // f07038, epacD2 by combining e00785 // xxx, and epacD3 by combining e00785 // f00899. Trans-combinations of D1/D2 and D1/D3 removed the coding sequence of the unique Drosophila epac locus. (B) Loss of EPAC reduced performance of short-term memory (STM) measured 3 min after a single cycle training session while shock reactivity and odor avoidance remained unchanged. All data represent means ± SEM. N = 6–8 for behavioral results. Statistical differences at the level of P ≤ 0.01 are denoted by asterisks.