Table 5.
Prevalence and Cryptosporidium species and subtypes reported from domesticated animals and wildlife in Africa
| Country | Animal type | Animal species | Reported prevalencea
(No. positive/No. tested) |
Species (Prevalence in %)b | gp60 subtypes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Algeria | Domesticated | Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) | 44.6% (25/57) | C. meleagridis (100) | IIIgA18G4R1; IIIgA19G5R1; IIIgA20G4R1; IIIgA21G3R1c; IIIgA24G3R1; IIIgA26G2R1 | [93] |
| Chickens (Gallus domesticus) | 34.4% (31/90) | C. meleagridis (83.9) | IIIgA18G4R1; IIIgA19G5R1c; IIIgA21G3R1; IIIgA24G2R1; IIIgA26G3R1c | |||
| C. baileyi (16.1) | ||||||
| Algeria | Domesticated | Horse (Equus caballus) | 2.9% (4/138) | C. erinacei (100) | XIIIaA22R9 | [94] |
| Algeria | Domesticated | Horse (Equus caballus) | 2.3% (5/219) | C. parvum (60.0) | IIaA16G1R1c | [100] |
| C. hominis (20.0) | IkA15G1 | |||||
| C. muris RN66 (20.0) | ||||||
| Donkey (Equus africanus asinus) | 1.6% (2/124) | C. parvum (50.0) | IIaA16G1R1 | |||
| C. muris TS03 (50.0) | ||||||
| Central Africa Republic | Wildlife | Wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) | 0.5% (1/201) | C. bovis (100) | [122] | |
| African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) | 5.0% (1/20) | C. muris TS03 (100) | ||||
| Côte d’Ivoire | Domestic | Chicken (Gallus gallus) | 16.1% (5/31) | C. meleagridis (80.0) | [106] | |
| C. parvum (20.0) | ||||||
| Egypt | Domesticated | Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) | 39.9% (365/915) | C. meleagridis (100) | [353] | |
| Egypt | Domesticated | Cattle (Bos taurus) and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) | Cattle: 31.2% (185/593); Buffalo: 35.5% (75/211) | C. parvum (65.7) | IIaA15G1R1; IIdA19G1; IIdA20G1c | [26] |
| C. ryanae (11.8) | ||||||
| C. bovis (4.1) | ||||||
| C. parvum + C. ryanae (11.2) | ||||||
| C. parvum + C. bovis (5.3) | ||||||
| C. parvum + C. andersoni (1.8%) | ||||||
| Egypt | Domestic | Cattle (Bos taurus) | 10.2% (49/480) | C. parvum (100) | IIdA20G1 | [108] |
| Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) | 12.3% (38/310) | C. parvum (100) | IIdA20G1 | |||
| Egypt | Domestic | Cattle (Bos taurus) | 13.6% (269/1974) | C. parvum (43.5) | IIdA20G1; IIaA15G1R1c; IIaA14G1R1r1b | [112] |
| C. andersoni (10.1) | ||||||
| C. bovis (10.1) | ||||||
| C. ryanae (18.8) | ||||||
| Mixed species (17.4) | ||||||
| Egypt | Domestic | Water buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) | 9.5% (17/179) | C. parvum (41.2) | IIdA20Gc; IIaA15G1R1 | [111] |
| C. ryanae (58.8) | ||||||
| Egypt | Domestic | Calves (Bos taurus) | 30.2% (29/96) | C. parvum (92.3) | IIdA20G1c; IIaA15G2R1 | [110] |
| C. andersoni (7.7) | ||||||
| Egypt | Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) | 1.3% (6/466) | C. parvum (33.3) | IIdA20G1; IIaA15G1R1 | [113] | |
| C. ryanae (66.7) | ||||||
| Cattle (Bos taurus) | 6.9% (31/450) | C. parvum (74.2) | IIdA20G1c; IIaA15G1R1 | |||
| C. ryanae (16.1) | ||||||
| C. bovis (9.7) | ||||||
| Sheep (Ovis aries) | 2.5% (3/120) | C. xiaoi (100) | ||||
| Egypt | Domestic | Cattle (Bos taurus) | 10.2% (49/480) | C. parvum (100) | IIdA20G1 | [108] |
| Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) | 12.3% (38/310) | C. parvum (100) | IIdA20G1 | |||
| Ethiopia | Calves (Bos taurus) | 15.8% (71/449) | C. andersoni (76.1) | [354] | ||
| C. bovis (19.7) | ||||||
| C. ryanae (4.2) | ||||||
| Kenya | Domestic | Calves and cattle (Bos taurus) | 7.7% (134/1734) | C. parvum-like (68.0) | [355] | |
| C. ryanae (16.0) | ||||||
| C. andersoni (12.0) | ||||||
| C. hominis (4.0) | ||||||
| Kenya | Domestic | Cattle (Bos taurus) | Not reported | Cryptosporidium deer-like genotype (100) | [177] | |
| Kenya | Wildlife | Olive baboon (Papio anubis) | 2.6% (6/235) | C. hominis (100) | IbA9G3c; IIfA12G2c; IiA14 | [187] |
| Madagascar | Domestic | Cattle (Bos taurus) | 29.0% (18/62) | C. suis (94.4); Cryptosporidium spp. (5.6) | [97] | |
| Pig (Sus scrofa) | 23.5% (4/17) | C. parvum (75.0); C. suis (25.0%) | ||||
| Rodents | 33.3% (16/48) | Rat genotype III (31.0); Rat genotype IV (6.3); C. meleagridis (43.8); C. suis (6.3); Unknown (12.5) | ||||
| Dog (Canis lupus) | 100% (1/1) | C. canis (100) | ||||
| Wildlife | Lemur | 4.0% (1/25) | C. hominis (100) | |||
| Nigeria | Domestic | Calves (Bos taurus) | 52.3% (34/65) | C. bovis (52.9); C. ryanae (14.7); C. bovis and C. ryanae (32.4) | [356] | |
| Nigeria | Domestic | Calves (Bos taurus) | 16.0% (31/194) | C. bovis (45.2); C. ryanae (25.8); C. andersoni (16.1); C. bovis + C. ryanae (9.7); C. bovis + C. andersoni (3.2) | [85] | |
| Rwanda | Wildlife | Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) | 4.0% (4/100) | C. muris (50); C. meleagridis (50.0) | [182] | |
| South Africa | Domestic | Calves (Bos taurus) | 0.6% (2/352) | C. parvum (50.0); C. bovis (50.0) | [154] | |
| South Africa | Domestic | Calves (Bos taurus) | 8.0% (4/51) | C. andersoni (50.0); C. bovis (50.0) | [90] | |
| Wildlife | African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) | 2.8% (2/71) | C. ubiquitum (50.0); C. bovis (50.0) | |||
| Impala (Aepyceros melampus) | 2.8% (2/71) | C. ubiquitum (100) | ||||
| Tanzania | Wildlife | Baboons (Papio spp.) | 10.6% (5/47) | C. hominis (100) | IfA12G2 | [102] |
| Chimpanzees (Pan spp.) | 19.0% (16/84) | C. hominis (68.8); C. suis (25.0); C. suis and C. hominis (6.2) | IfA12G2 | |||
| Domestic | Sheep (Ovis aries) | 22.2% (2/9) | C. xiaoi (100) | |||
| Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) | 13.9% (5/56) | C. xiaoi (100) | ||||
| Tunisia | Domestic | Calves (Bos taurus) | 21.4% (15/70) | C. parvum (100) | IIaA15G2R1c; IIaA16G2R1; IIaA13G2R1; IIaA20G3R1; IIdA16G1 | [114] |
| Tunisia | Domestic | Sheep (Ovis aries) | 11.2% (10/89) | C. bovis (100) | [178] | |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) | 4.5% (9/200) | C. meleagridis (100) | ||||
| Tunisia | Domestic | Calves (Bos taurus) | 86.7% (26/30) | C. parvum (100) | [174] | |
| Uganda | Wildlife | Black-and-white colobus (Colobus guereza;) | 3.4% (1/29) | C. parvum (100) | [107] | |
| Red colobus (Procolobus rufomitratus) | 26.7% (8/30) | C. parvum (75.0%); C. parvum/C. hominis/C. cuniculus (25.0) | ||||
| Domestic | Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) | 3.5% (2/57) | C. parvum (100) | |||
| Uganda | Wildlife | Free-ranging mountain gorilla (Gorilla gorilla beringei) | 4.0% (4/100) | C. parvum (100) | [104] | |
| Zambia | Domestic | Calves (Bos taurus) | 34.0% (70/207) | C. parvum (61.9) | [118] | |
| C. bovis (33.3) | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium deer-like genotype (4.8) | ||||||
| Zambia | Goat kid (Capra aegagrushircus) | 4.8% (5/105) | C. parvum (100) | [117] | ||
| Lamb (Ovis aries) | 12.5% (19/152) | C. parvum (83.3) | ||||
| C. suis (16.7) | ||||||
| Zambia | Calves (Bos taurus) | 19.2% (142/744) | C. parvum (64.4) | [116] | ||
| C. bovis (33.3) | ||||||
| C. suis (2.2) |
aPrevalence (percentage of number positive out of the total number of animal species tested)
bPrevalence (percentage of species identified out of the total number of species genotyped per animal)
cDominant gp60 subtype