Table 1.

Neuroimaging spectrum of dengue-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy

Clinical syndrome	Neuroimaging features	Pathogenesis
Diffuse brain involvement
Encephalopathy	Often normal	Impaired liver and renal dysfunction Ischemic-hypoxemic injury
Acute encephalitis	Usually normal; diffuse cortical and periventricular, hyperintensities	Direct viral invasion of brain
Acute hemorrhagic encephalitis	GRE sequence shows areas of blooming indicating hemorrhage	Direct viral invasion of brain
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis	Periventricular white matter lesions	Post-infectious demyelination
Vascular complications
Cerebral venous thrombosis	Thrombosis of venous system of brain	Severe dehydration and hypotension
Intracerebral hemorrhage	Cerebral parenchymal, subdural or subarachnoidal hematoma	Thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation and associated coagulopathies
Ischemic stroke	Multiple infarctions	Vasculitis, infective thromboembolism
Focal encephalitis
Cerebellitis Rhombencephalitis	Hyperintensities in brainstem and cerebellum	Direct viral invasion