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. 2017 Apr 20;7:46480. doi: 10.1038/srep46480

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

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The average VCL was measured for sperm exposed to 633 nm light for 35 minutes and for the control group. Error bars indicate standard error. The VCLs for exposed sperm were considerably higher than those of their control counterparts. Each trial represents four measurements taken at specific time points after thawing from a sample, wherein aprox.1000 individual sperm traces were made per measurement. A t-test was performed for each trial to determine whether laser irradiation produced a statistically significant increase in swimming speed compared with the control. The p-values (denoted p_i where i = trial number) generated from those t-tests are p₁ = 0.0235, p₂ = 0.00667, p₃ = 0.0181, p₄ = 0.0139, and p₅ = 0.000161.