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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Apr 20.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Top Membr. 2016 Jun 14;78:287–311. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2016.05.001

Figure 3. Cryoelectron microscopy reveals structural elements of CaV1.1.

Figure 3

(A) Transmembrane view of a single subunit of CaV1.1 (PDB accession 3JBR) to illustrate the architecture of the pore domain (P1, P2, S5, and S6), voltage-sensing domain (S1–S4), and linker regions common to voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. The N-terminus is colored blue, and the C-terminus is colored red in ribbon representation. (B) Top view of CaV1.1 colored to highlight the heterotetrameric arrangement of the voltage-sensing and pore domains, with the ion-conducting pore in the center. (C) Transmembrane view of CaV1.1 highlighting the C-terminal domain important for ion channel regulation, as well as a transmembrane fenestration important for local anesthetic ingress. Kevin R. DeMarco.