| Social Monogamy |
An adult individual has only one social adult partner of the opposite sex at a given time (Huck et al. 2013). It is necessary to note that there have been studies considering as socially monogamous species where “the majority of breeding females (>50%) share a home-range for more than one year with one male, but no other conspecific breeders” [Lukas and Clutton-Brock, 2013 Supplementary Materials]. |
| Pair-living |
Frequently used in the primate literature in the same manner as “social monogamy” |
| Genetic Monogamy |
The only adult male and only adult female in a socially monogamous group sire the offspring in the group. The extreme form of genetic monogamy implies that there is zero extra-pair paternity, with 100% of the offspring in the group assigned to the resident adult male [Huck et al. 2014]. In some analyses an arbitrary cutoff of percentage of offspring sired by the pair may be considered. |
| Pair-bond |
The term is used to refer to two reproducing adults who have a strong emotional attachment as reflected in their affiliative interactions, proximity, distress upon separation from the pairmate, and reduced anxiety following reunion with the pairmate [Mason and Mendoza, 1998]. In field primatology, the term is regularly used for describing socially monogamous or pair living primates even when no evidence exists of an enduring, stable, emotional attachment. |
