Table 3.
Explanatory variables for use of covert administration of drugs
| Characteristics | Univariate analysis: odds ratio (95% CI) | Multivariate analysis, all patients*: adjusted odds ratio (95 % CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Ward (n=250) | ||
| Type of ward, SCU v RU | 1.60 (1.08 to 2.38) | 1.83 (1.16 to 2.89) |
| Sample, TNH v RS | 0.57 (0.32 to 1.00) | 0.42 (0.23 to 0.76) |
| Proportion of unskilled carers, high v low | 1.03 (0.69 to 1.53) | NS |
| Size of ward, large v small | 0.76 (0.51 to 1.12) | NS |
| Staffing ratio, high v low | 0.76 (0.50 to 1.16) | 0.55 (0.35 to 0.84) |
| Patients (n=1873) | ||
| CDR score, 2-3 v 0-1 | 8.59 (5.00 to 14.76) | 4.18 (2.31 to 7.57) |
| ADL, low level of function v high | 6.59 (4.32 to 10.04) | 4.31 (2.78 to 6.69) |
| Aggression, yes v no | 4.88 (3.62 to 6.59) | 3.15 (2.27 to 4.36) |
| Non-aggressive agitation, yes v no | 1.29 (0.97 to 1.72) | NS |
| Age, ≥80 v <80 years | 0.95 (0.69 to 1.30) | NS |
ADL=activities of daily living; CDR=clinical dementia rating scale; RS=random sample; RU=regular unit; SCU=special care unit for people with dementia; TNH=teaching nursing home.
*
Only variables with significant adjusted odds ratios were included in the model.