Table 4.
Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the urine samples.
Except where otherwise stated the value is number (percentages)
| Variables | Categories | Value |
| Appearance | Pale yellow, clear | 48(34.78) |
| Pale yellow, turbid | 43(31.16) | |
| Yellow, clear | 9(6.52) | |
| Yellow, turbid | 22(15.94) | |
| Colourless, clear | 2(1.45) | |
| Reddish, turbid | 4(2.90) | |
| Amber, turbid | 3(2.17) | |
| Dark yellow, clear | 2(1.45) | |
| Dark yellow, cloudy | 1(0.72) | |
| Blood stained | 1(0.72) | |
| Others | 3(2.17) | |
| Glucose | Present | 3 (2.15) |
| Absent | 136(97.85) | |
| Protein | Present | 22(15.83) |
| Absent | 117(84.17) | |
| Ketones | + | 3(2.16) |
| ++ | 12(8.63) | |
| Absent | 124(89.21) | |
| Bilirubin | + | 3(2.16) |
| ++ | 1(0.72) | |
| Urobilinogen 2mg/dl | 8(5.76) | |
| absent | 127(93.52) | |
| Ph (mean) ± SD | 6.5±1.43 | |
| Wbc1 - in chemistry | + | 9(6.48) |
| ++ | 13(9.35) | |
| +++ | 4(2.880 | |
| 25/mcl | 2(1.44) | |
| 75/mcl | 3(2.16) | |
| Absent | 108(77.70) | |
| Rbc1- in chemistry | + | 1(0.72) |
| ++ | 5(3.60) | |
| +++ | 1(0.72) | |
| 250/mcl | 1(0.72) | |
| absent | 131(94.24) | |
| specific gravity(mean) ±SD | 1.005±0.009 | |
| Nit- nitrates | + | |
| Microscopy | White blood cells | 75(59.52) |
| Red blood cells | 24(28.24) | |
| casts | 10(21.74) | |
| Epithelial cells | 24(55.81) | |
| Yeast cells | 4(9.52) | |
| Parasites | 8(100) | |