WT BMDCs were pre-treated with either vehicle, (A) 100 nM CGI-1746 to inhibit BTK, (B) 10 μM U0126 to inhibit Erk, 0.25 μM Wortmannin to inhibit PI3K/Akt, (C) 10 nM BX795 to inhibit TBK1, or (D) 1 μM SB202190 to inhibit p38 MAPK. After 1 h, the cells were treated with either media, 100 nM C5aA, or 100 nM C3aA for 2 h followed by incubation with 25 μg/ml c-di-AMP for 20 h. IFN-β was quantitated from cell-free supernatants. All data are presented as mean pg/ml ± SEM. These data are pooled from three independent experiments. * P < 0.05 by t test.