Table 2.

Causes of increased intracranial pressure

Space-occupying lesions

• Intracranial mass

• Abscess

• Hemorrhage

• Arteriovenous malformation

Focal or diffuse cerebral edema

• Trauma

• Toxic

• Anoxia

Reduction in size of the cranial vault

• Craniosynostosis

• Thickening of skull

Blockage of CSF flow

• Non-communicating hydrocephalus

Reduction in CSF reabsorption

• Communicating hydrocephalus

• Meningitis

• Elevated cerebral venous sinus pressure

• Elevated CSF protein

Increased CSF production

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Abbreviation: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.