| Age[1,42,154-158] |
| Echocardiographic left ventricular dysfunction[159-162] |
| History of heart failure[158
|
| Hypertension[157,160,162,164] |
| Prior thromboembolic events[2][42,157-159,161-165] |
| Women older than 75 years of age [162] |
| Rheumatic mitral stenosis[159,160] |
| Mitral annular calcium[157,166] |
| Diabetes mellitus[158] |
| History of myocardial infarction[157,158,160,167] |
| Echocardiographic left atrial enlargement[160,161] |
| Echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy[42,43,159][160] |
| Extracranial carotid arterial disease[43] |
| Hypercholesterolemia[159] |
| Low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol[159] |
