Table 1. Comparison of clinical characteristics between VA-AKI and No-AKI patients.
| Total n = 665 |
VA-AKI n = 120 |
No-AKI n = 545 |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic factor | ||||
| Female, n (%) | 364 (54.7) | 52 (43.3) | 312 (57.2) | 0.006 |
| Age (SD), n (%) | 0.000 | |||
| < 50 y | 112 (16.8) | 29 (24.2) | 83 (15.2) | |
| ≥ 50 and < 60 y | 91 (13.7) | 18 (15.0) | 73 (13.4) | |
| ≥ 60 and < 70 y | 175 (26.3) | 20 (16.7) | 155 (28.4) | |
| ≥ 70 and < 80 y | 199 (29.9) | 26 (21.7) | 173 (31.7) | |
| ≥ 80 y | 88 (13.2) | 27 (22.5) | 61 (11.2) | |
| Weight (SD)* | 67.7 ± 12.1 | 64.2 ± 11.4 | 68.4 ± 12.1 | 0.003 |
| Department, n (%) | 0.000 | |||
| Medical | 68 (10.2) | 22 (18.3) | 46 (8.4) | |
| Surgical | 534 (80.4) | 67 (56.3) | 467 (85.7) | |
| ICU | 62 (9.3) | 30 (25.2) | 32 (5.9) | |
| Concomitant diseases | ||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 0.659 | |||
| No hypertension | 374 (56.2) | 67 (55.8) | 307 (56.3) | |
| Stage 1 | 72 (10.8) | 10 (8.3) | 62 (11.4) | |
| Stage 2 | 83 (12.5) | 18 (15.0) | 65 (11.9) | |
| Stage 3 | 136 (20.5) | 25 (20.8) | 111 (20.4) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 146 (22.0) | 27 (22.5) | 119 (21.8) | 0.873 |
| CHD, n (%) | 91 (13.7) | 28 (23.3) | 63 (11.6) | 0.001 |
| CKD, n (%) | 13 (2.0) | 4 (3.3) | 9 (1.7) | 0.401a |
| CLD, n (%) | 13 (2.0) | 3 (2.5) | 10 (1.8) | 0.911a |
| Laboratory variables | ||||
| Baseline SCr, mg/dL | 96.0 ± 37.0 | 120.1 ± 55.3 | 90.2 ± 28.7 | 0.000 |
| Reason for VAN therapy, n (%) #1 | 0.000 | |||
| Prophylactic | 357 (53.7) | 14 (11.7) | 343 (62.9) | |
| Local infection | 277 (41.7) | 87 (72.5) | 190 (34.9) | |
| Bacteremia | 31 (4.7) | 19 (15.8) | 12 (2.2) | |
| Other risk factors | ||||
| Hospitalization-related factors | ||||
| LOS (days), n (n) | 25 (14) | 27 (21) | 17 (12) | 0.000 |
| ICU admittance, n (%) | 109 (16.4) | 48 (44) | 61 (11.2) | 0.000 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 42 (6.3) | 25 (20.8) | 17 (3.1) | 0.000 |
| Concomitant ARDS, shock, or low perfusion factors before or at the time of AKI onset during hospitalization, n (%) | 42 (6.3) | 25 (20.8) | 17 (3.1) | 0.000 |
| Concomitant hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis or crystallization of urine/urine tube during hospitalization, n (%) | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (0.4) | 0.450b |
| Concomitant MOF or DIC during hospitalization, n (%) | 12 (1.8) | 7 (5.8) | 5 (0.9) | 0.000 |
| Receipt of endotracheal intubation for ventilator therapy during hospitalization, n (%) | 59 (8.9) | 40 (33.3) | 19 (3.5) | 0.000 |
| Orthopedic/trauma/burn surgery during hospitalization, n (%) | 379 (57.0) | 14 (11.7) | 365 (67.0) | 0.000 |
| Neurosurgery during hospitalization, n (%) | 21 (3.2) | 5 (4.2) | 16 (2.9) | 0.682a |
| Other surgeries during hospitalization, n (%) #2 | 160 (24.1) | 42 (35.0) | 118 (21.7) | 0.002 |
*: n = 592. Only 592 patients’ data on the weight is available. CHD = coronary heart disease, CKD = chronic kidney disease, CLD = chronic liver disease, CEI = angiotensin II-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker, NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome, MOF = multiple organ failure, DIC = disseminated intravascular coagulation.