Table 1.

Demographic, military characteristics, treatment factors, and moderators at baseline

	Control n=396 Mean (SD) or percentage	Intervention n = 388 Mean (SD) or percentage	p-value (t-test or χ2 test)
Age	28.9 (3.5)	28.8 (3.3)	0.792
Male gender	82.3%	84.3%	0.523
Race/ethnicitya			0.652
White	76.5%	80.7%
Hispanic	11.6%	9.3%
Black or African American	4.5%	3.1%
Asian	1.0%	0.8%
American Indian or Alaska Native	2.0%	1.8%
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander	0.3%	0.5%
More than one race/ethnicity	2.8%	3.6%
Other	1.0%	0.3%
Education			0.476
Some high school	0.3%	0.3%
High school graduate	22.0%	18.3%
Some college	59.1%	59.5%
College graduate	18.7%	21.9%
Married	49.7%	52.8%	0.428
Branch			0.307
Air Force	11.6%	8.0%
Army	59.8%	59.5%
Marines	20.5%	23.2%
Navy	8.1%	9.3%
Device used to complete survey			0.009
Mobile phone	80.8%	72.7%
Computer/tablet/other	19.2%	27.3%
Years in armed forces before discharge	5.6 (2.7)	5.6 (2.9)	0.951
Any combat experience	82.1%	82.5%	0.957
Any VHA use since discharge	68.9%	69.6%	0.905
Mental health treatment since discharge	57.3%	55.9%	0.747
Alcohol or other substance use treatment since discharge	24.2%	18.8%	0.078
Drinking severity1	13.0 (7.2)	11.9 (6.8)	0.025
PTSD symptoms2 (continuous)	30.7 (23.5)	27.2 (22.3)	0.035
PTSD symptoms2 (dichotomous, ≥ 33)	42.2%	36.3%	0.110
Depression symptoms3 (continuous)	10.2 (7.3)	9.2 (7.1)	0.039
Depression symptoms3 (dichotomous, ≥ 10)	51.3%	41.8%	0.009
Closeness to the PNF reference target4	4.3 (1.9)	4.4 (1.8)	0.677

^a.03% missing for race/ethnicity in the control group.

¹10-item AUDIT;

²PTSD Checklist for DSM-V (PCL-5);

³Patient Health Questionnaire 8-item (PHQ-8);

⁴adaptation of the Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale