Table 2.
Placebo | Nalbuphine | Placebo | Nalbuphine | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 mg/kg/h infusion | Placebo vs Nalbuphine 1 mg/kg/h | 5 mg/kg/h infusion | Placebo vs Nalbuphine 5 mg/kg/h | Nalbuphine 1 mg/kg/h vs 5 mg/kg/h | |||||||
(n = 6) | (n = 6) | (n = 6) | (n = 6) | ||||||||
mean | ±SD | mean | ±SD | p value | mean | ±SD | mean | ±SD | p value | p value | |
Respiratory parameters | |||||||||||
Respiration rate [1/min] | 55 | 7.7 | 45 | 4.1 | 0.021 | 51 | 9.1 | 41 | 4.7 | 0.035 | 0.10 |
pO2 [kPa] | 8.85 | 1.39 | 7.86 | 2.41 | 0.41 | 9.42 | 2.17 | 6.81 | 0.89 | 0.022 | 0.19 |
SaO2 [%] | 91 | 4.7 | 84 | 8.1 | 0.09 | 90 | 8.2 | 78 | 6.6 | 0.017 | 0.024 |
pCO2 [kPa] | 6.13 | 0.68 | 7.72 | 1.28 | 0.023 | 6.60 | 1.11 | 8.49 | 0.95 | 0.010 | 0.07 |
HCO3 [mmol/l] | 27.0 | 3.0 | 29.7 | 3.6 | 0.19 | 27.2 | 1.9 | 28.5 | 3.5 | 0.42 | 0.30 |
pH | 7.38 | 0.04 | 7.32 | 0.03 | 0.018 | 7.35 | 0.06 | 7.26 | 0.03 | 0.007 | 0.004 |
Base excess [mmol/l] | 1.9 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 0.40 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 3.7 | 0.94 | 0.08 |
Hemodynamic parameters | |||||||||||
Heart rate (1/min) | 409 | 23.5 | 336 | 30.2 | <0.001 | 408 | 30.4 | 332 | 40.3 | 0.004 | 0.58 |
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 96 | 14.7 | 78 | 10.3 | 0.037 | 89 | 13.1 | 70 | 6.4 | 0.010 | 0.09 |
Lactate [mmol/l] | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.22 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.20 | 0.71 |
Haematocit [%] | 36 | 5.9 | 37 | 3.6 | 0.82 | 34 | 3.1 | 33 | 3.5 | 0.45 | 0.031 |
Legend: Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (SD). All data were obtained while animals were under isoflurane anesthesia. Blood sampling was performed twice in each animal (Fig. 1). Nalbuphine 1 vs 5 mg/kg/h was compared using a paired t test. Nalbuphine vs placebo was compared using an unpaired t-test, as these two groups were independent. italic values indicate significance p < 0.05