Fig. 1.

Experimental restraint stress paradigms. Schematic representation of stress regimen and experimental design. a Daily sessions of 8 h RS were performed from 8 AM to 4 PM. Levels of IL-13 transcripts were determined at 1, 3, 6, and 8 h and the neuroinflammatory response. b Weekly schedule of RS consisted 8 h RS/day for 5 consecutive days per week followed by 2 days of non-stress. c Severe chronic RS consisted of the weekly RS schedule for a maximum up to was applied for 16 weeks. Distinct groups of animals were maintained in non-stressed conditions for four additional weeks following last session of stress before tissue was collected for analysis