Table 1.

Causes of nephrotic syndrome

Primary Nephrotic Syndrome (95% in children 0–12 years)
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (80-90% in children 2–8 years)
Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome
Genetic nephrotic syndrome (isolated or syndromic)
(95 -100% in children <3 months
50 - 60% in children 4–12 months)
Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome (5% in children 0–12 years)
- Vasculitides/autoimmune diseases (SLE, Microscopic polyangiitis, Goodpasture, IgA vasculitis)
- Infections (HBV, HCV, HIV, EBV, Mycoplasma, CMV, PVB19, Treponema, Toxoplasma, malaria, parasites)
- Drugs (Tiopronin, Penicillamine, Gold Salts, Pamidronate, Interferon, Everolimus, antiretroviral and chemotherapy drugs)
- Diabetes
- Cancer (Lymphoma, Leukemia)