Table 10.

Indications for renal biopsy in children with NS

Before treatment	• Onset at less than 12 months or more than 12 years of age
	• Initial macroscopic hematuria
	• Persistent hypertension and/or microscopic hematuria and/or low plasma C3
	• Secondary NS (Henoch-Schoenlein purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.)
	• NS associated with syndromes
	• Renal failure not related to hypovolemia
After treatment	• Steroid Resistance