Table 2.
Associations between the GRSs and T2D according to age, sex, BMI status, and Hispanic background in the HCHS/SOL
| T2D case/control subjects |
Total GRS | β-Cell function GRS | Insulin resistance GRS | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI)* |
P* | P for interaction | OR (95% CI)* | P* | P for interaction | OR (95% CI)* | P* | P for interaction | ||
| Overall |
2,499/5,247 |
1.07 (1.06–1.08) |
2.31 × 10−39 |
1.10 (1.09–1.12) |
1.89 × 10−36 |
1.06 (1.06–1.08) |
1.53 × 10−7 |
|||
| Age, years |
0.12 |
0.07 |
0.51 |
|||||||
| <45 |
320/3,284 |
1.06 (1.04–1.08) |
1.05 × 10−8 |
1.08 (1.05–1.11) |
1.76 × 10−7 |
1.05 (1.04–1.08) |
0.03 |
|||
| ≥45 |
2,179/1,936 |
1.08 (1.07–1.09) |
1.01 × 10−31 |
1.11 (1.09–1.14) |
1.40 × 10−30 |
1.06 (1.07–1.09) |
2.59 × 10−6 |
|||
| Sex |
0.65 |
0.44 |
0.93 |
|||||||
| Male |
995/2,076 |
1.07 (1.05–1.09) |
5.92 × 10−16 |
1.10 (1.07–1.12) |
9.58 × 10−14 |
1.06 (1.05–1.09) |
6.63 × 10−4 |
|||
| Female |
1,504/3,197 |
1.08 (1.06–1.09) |
7.33 × 10−26 |
1.11 (1.09–1.13) |
2.49 × 10−25 |
1.06 (1.06–1.09) |
5.48 × 10−5 |
|||
| BMI, kg/m2 |
2.84 × 10−3 |
8.55 × 10−5 |
0.34 |
|||||||
| <30 |
1,050/3,639 |
1.10 (1.08–1.11) |
1.08 × 10−31 |
1.15 (1.13–1.18) |
3.50 × 10−34 |
1.05 (1.08–1.11) |
1.73 × 10−3 |
|||
| ≥30 |
1,449/1,608 |
1.06 (1.04–1.08) |
8.90 × 10−14 |
1.08 (1.06–1.11) |
1.15 × 10−11 |
1.07 (1.04–1.08) |
2.05 × 10−5 |
|||
| Hispanic/Latino background |
0.23 |
0.22 |
0.80 |
|||||||
| Central American |
244/591 |
1.08 (1.05–1.13) |
2.52 × 10−7 |
1.11 (1.06–1.17) |
7.51 × 10−6 |
1.09 (1.01–1.17) |
0.02 |
|||
| Cuban |
396/918 |
1.06 (1.04–1.09) |
3.40 × 10−6 |
1.09 (1.05–1.13) |
5.49 × 10−6 |
1.07 (1.01–1.12) |
0.01 |
|||
| Dominican |
217/523 |
1.08 (1.04–1.12) |
1.66 × 10−5 |
1.08 (1.03–1.13) |
3.54 × 10−3 |
1.09 (1.01–1.17) |
0.02 |
|||
| Mexican |
965/1,914 |
1.08 (1.07–1.10) |
3.60 × 10−20 |
1.12 (1.09–1.15) |
1.32 × 10−19 |
1.06 (1.02–1.10) |
1.29 × 10−3 |
|||
| Puerto Rican |
557/840 |
1.05 (1.03–1.07) |
4.87 × 10−5 |
1.08 (1.04–1.11) |
4.14 × 10−5 |
1.03 (0.98–1.08) |
0.22 |
|||
| South American | 113/450 | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) | 1.27 × 10−4 | 1.16 (1.08–1.23) | 1.56 × 10−5 | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | 0.16 | |||
*ORs (95% CI) per unit of the GRSs and P values were estimated using GMMAT, incorporating covariance matrices corresponding to genetic relatedness (kinship), household, and census block group as random effects and adjusting for center, age, sex, the first five PCs, and sampling weights.