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. 2017 Apr 1;144(7):1317–1327. doi: 10.1242/dev.140434

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© 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 4. — Eight-week-old control, Fsp-Cre;Ptch1^fl/+ and Fsp-Cre;Ptch1^fl/fl animals display altered branching, histology and epithelial proliferation. (A-C) Whole-mount (A) control, (B) Fsp-Cre;Ptch1^fl/+ and (C) Fsp-Cre;Ptch1^fl/fl glands showing branching. Heterozygotes are hyperbranched, whereas homozygotes display reduced branching. (D) Quantification of fat pad filling, showing that Fsp-Cre;Ptch1^fl/fl outgrowths are severely stunted. (E-G) Hematoxylin and Eosin-stained (E) control, (F) Fsp-Cre;Ptch1^fl/+ and (G) Fsp-Cre;Ptch1^fl/fl ducts showing frequent partial filling in heterozygotes, and complete filling in homozygotes. (H) Quantification of ductal filling frequency by genotype. (I-K) BrdU-stained (I) control, (J) Fsp-Cre;Ptch1^fl/+ and (K) Fsp-Cre;Ptch1^fl/fl ducts. (L) Quantification of BrdU showing hyperproliferation in heterozygotes and hypoproliferation in homozygotes. (M-O) ERα-stained (M) control, (N) Fsp-Cre;Ptch1^fl/+ and (O) Fsp-Cre;Ptch1^fl/fl ducts showing upregulated ERα expression in Fsp-Cre;Ptch1^fl/fl ducts. (P) Quantification of ERα in the mammary epithelium. (Q-S) PR-stained (Q) control (R) Fsp-Cre;Ptch1^fl/+ and (S) Fsp-Cre;Ptch1^fl/fl ducts showing ablation of PR in Fsp-Cre;Ptch1^fl/fl ducts. (T) Quantification of PR in the mammary epithelium. Graphs show data as mean±s.e.m. Insets display histologically normal ducts. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 and ****P<0.0001 by ANOVA/Tukey's test. Scale bars: 1 mm in A-C; 50 µm in E-G,I-K,M-O,Q-S.