Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Participant | Group | Sex | Age (years) | OASES | SSI-4 | Therapy (months) | EOWPVT-3 | Shifter |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P01 | AWS | M | 35 | 3.61 | 32 | 7–12 | 102 | N |
| P02 | AWS | M | 22 | 1.61 | 30 | 7–12 | 102 | N |
| P03 | AWS | M | 25 | 1.73 | 21 | >24 | 109 | N |
| P04 | AWS | M | 31 | 3.18 | 24 | >24 | 90 | Y |
| P05 | AWS | M | 33 | 2.32 | 22 | >24 | 115 | Y |
| P06 | AWS | M | 18 | 2.35 | 33 | >24 | 123 | N |
| P07 | AWS | M | 23 | 2.53 | 43 | >24 | 108 | Y |
| P08 | AWS | M | 27 | 2.59 | 29 | >24 | 92 | N |
| P09 | AWS | M | 36 | 3.02 | 17 | 12–24 | 117 | Y |
| P10 | AWS | M | 27 | 1.46 | 9 | None | 105 | N |
| P11 | AWS | M | 22 | 2.20 | 27 | >24 | 108 | Y |
| P12 | AWS | M | 28 | 2.03 | 11 | None | 99 | N |
| P13 | AWS | M | 24 | 1.48 | 17 | >24 | 101 | N |
| P14 | AWS | M | 26 | 2.65 | 19 | >24 | 100 | Y |
| P15 | AWS | F | 26 | 2.17 | 26 | 7–12 | 104 | N |
| P16 | AWS | F | 27 | 1.40 | 19 | 12–24 | 105 | N |
| P17 | AWS | F | 49 | 1.81 | 17 | 12–24 | 103 | N |
| P18 | AWS | F | 21 | 1.77 | 27 | >24 | 98 | N |
| P19 | AWS | F | 24 | 2.17 | 26 | 7–12 | 86 | N |
| P20 | AWS | F | 24 | 1.98 | 8 | 1–6 | 107 | N |
| P21 | AWNS | M | 28 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 136 | Y |
| P22 | AWNS | M | 26 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 106 | N |
| P23 | AWNS | M | 25 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 109 | N |
| P24 | AWNS | M | 26 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 100 | Y |
| P25 | AWNS | M | 30 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 108 | N |
| P26 | AWNS | M | 19 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 102 | N |
| P27 | AWNS | M | 30 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 103 | N |
| P28 | AWNS | M | 23 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 121 | Y |
| P29 | AWNS | M | 25 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 119 | N |
| P30 | AWNS | M | 22 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 104 | N |
| P31 | AWNS | M | 27 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 90 | N |
| P32 | AWNS | M | 26 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 91 | N |
| P33 | AWNS | M | 25 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 90 | N |
| P34 | AWNS | M | 26 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 126 | N |
| P35 | AWNS | F | 25 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 127 | Y |
| P36 | AWNS | F | 24 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 114 | N |
| P37 | AWNS | F | 24 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 127 | N |
| P38 | AWNS | F | 26 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 86 | Y |
| P39 | AWNS | F | 23 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 116 | N |
| P40 | AWNS | F | 25 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 119 | N |
| P41 | AWNS | F | 26 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 102 | N |
Note. OASES = Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (measures impact of stuttering on quality of life; Yaruss & Quesal, 2008); SSI-4 = Stuttering Severity Instrument–Fourth Edition (measures severity of overt stuttering characteristics; Riley, 2009); therapy = cumulative time spent in therapy; EOWPVT-3 = Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test–Third Edition (Martin & Brownell, 2000; used as an informal measure of expressive vocabulary skills); AWS = adults who stutter; AWNS = adults who do not stutter; M = male; F = female. “Shifter” is a speaker subgroup—N = no; Y = an increase of 2 or more points in subjective anxiety rating from the nonaudience condition to the audience condition.