Table 1.
Results of behavioral testing.
| Measure | Adult-Typ |
Adult-LP |
Child |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | M (SD) | Range | M (SD) | Range | M (SD) | |
| TONI-4 | — | 78–110 | 94.33 (9.64) | 95–125 | 106.82 (8.86) | |
| WRMT-R/NU Word ID | 94–133 | 98.29 (3.92) | 42–105 | 88.44 (13.03) | 110–136 | 119.35 (6.74) |
| WRMT-R/NU word attack | 87–132 | 104.29 (11.46) | 69–102 | 90.89 (9.37) | 108–136 | 118.94 (9.00) |
| WRMT-R/NU word comprehension a | 518–561 | 545.06 (10.79) | 493–555 | 529.06 (15.14) | 438–510 | 484.88 (18.40) |
| WRMT-R/NU passage comprehension | 86–143 | 111.65 (13.89) | 75–124 | 96.83 (12.56) | 102–128 | 112.41 (7.76) |
| TOWRE-2 sight word | — | 34–102 | 77.00 (16.66) b | 103–143 | 115.24 (10.08) | |
| TOWRE-2 decoding | — | 9–51 | 77.50 (10.68) b | 96–137 | 108.29 (9.76) | |
| CELF-4 concepts and following directions | — | — | 8–14 | 11.71 (1.57) | ||
| CELF-4 word structure b | — | — | 8–13 | 11.35 (1.57) | ||
| CELF-4 recalling sentences b | — | — | 8–17 | 11.00 (2.40) | ||
| CELF-4 formulating sentences b | — | — | 8–14 | 11.53 (1.91) | ||
| PPVT-4 | — | 74–118 | 103.33 (11.54) | — | ||
| TOAL-3 listening grammar c | 12–34 | 23.24 (5.93) | 10–35 | 22.61 (7.41) | — | |
| TOAL-3 speaking grammar c | 14–23 | 19.76 (2.51) | 13–26 | 18.22 (3.56) | — | |
Note. Ranges, means, and standard deviations are reported for each group. TONI-4 = Test of Nonverbal Intelligence–Fourth Edition; WRMT-R/NU = Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests–Revised (Normative Update); TOWRE-2 = Test of Word Reading Efficiency–Second Edition; CELF-4 = Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fourth Edition; PPVT-4 = Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition; TOAL-3 = Test of Adolescent and Adult Language–Third Edition. Em dashes indicate that the specific standardized test was not administered to the group.
W-scores—which is an alternative way to scale a raw score and can serve as a metric to measure an individual's development over time— are reported for this subtest.
Raw scores are reported for these subtests because these tests are normed up to age 24;11 (years;months) only.
Scaled scores are reported for these subtests.