Table 1.

HCMV and HIV-1 microRNAs with potential role in viral infection and pathogenesis.

	Targets	Predicted role	Reference
CMV-encoded miRNA
miR-UL36	UL138*	Latent infection	Huang et al., 2013
miR-UL36-5p	ANT3	Cell survival	Guo et al., 2015
miR-UL112	MICB	Immune evasion	Stern-Ginossar et al., 2007
	IE72 (UL123, IE1), UL112/113, UL120/121	Viral infection	Grey et al., 2007
	IL-32	Immune evasion	Huang et al., 2013
	type I IFN signaling	Immune evasion	Huang et al., 2015
	VAMP3, RAB5C, RAB11A, SNAP23, CDC42	Vesicle pathway	Hook et al., 2014
	TLR2	Immune evasion	Landais et al., 2015
	IKKα, IKKβ	Immune evasion	Hancock et al., 2017
miR-UL148D	CCL5	Immune evasion	Kim et al., 2012
	IEX-1	Cell survival	Wang et al., 2013
	CDC25B	Latent infection	Pan et al., 2016
	ACVR1B	Immune evasion	Lau et al., 2016
miR-US4	ERAP1	Immune evasion	Kim et al., 2011
	QARS	Cell survival	Shao et al., 2016
miR-US5-1	US7	Viral infection	Tirabassi et al., 2011
	VAMP3, RAB5C, RAB11A, SNAP23, CDC42	Vesicle pathway	Hook et al., 2014
	IKKα, IKKβ	Immune evasion	Hancock et al., 2017
miR-US5-2	US7	Viral infection	Tirabassi et al., 2011
	VAMP3, RAB5C, RAB11A, SNAP23, CDC42	Vesicle pathway	Hook et al., 2014
miR-US25-1-5p	VAMP3, RAB5C, RAB11A, SNAP23, CDC42	Vesicle pathway	Hook et al., 2014
miR-US25-1	E2, BRCC3∗, EID1, MAPRE2, CD147	Cell survival	Grey et al., 2010; Fan et al., 2014
miR-US25-2-3p	eIF4A1	Viral infection	Qi et al., 2013
miR-US33-5p	STX3	Vesicle pathway	Guo et al., 2015
HIV-1-encoded miRNA
miR-TAR	ERCC1, IER3 NPM/B23, Caspase 8, Aiolos, Ikaros	Apoptosis	Klase et al., 2009; Ouellet et al., 2013
miR-88		Immune evasion	Bernard et al., 2014
miR-99		Immune evasion	Bernard et al., 2014
miR-H3	HIV-1 5′ LTR	Viral replication	Zhang et al., 2014
miR-N367	NEF§	Viral replication	Omoto et al., 2004
miR-H1	AATF	Apoptosis	Kaul et al., 2009

^* In italic viral targets.

^§ Hypothetical target.