Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics
| HC (n = 238) | BPP (n = 140) | SAD (n = 132) | SZ (n = 113) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Age (year) | 38.15 | 12.55 | 36.00 | 12.57 | 36.23 | 12.23 | 35.57 | 12.29 |
| PANSS (Positive) | — | — | 12.78 | 4.24 | 18.24 | 5.11 | 17.31 | 5.81 |
| PANSS (Negative) | — | — | 11.69 | 3.52 | 15.54 | 4.68 | 16.45 | 5.84 |
| PANSS (General) | — | — | 28.53 | 7.82 | 34.88 | 9.00 | 32.57 | 8.78 |
| Maximum translation motion displacement (mm) | 0.58 | 0.85 | 0.67 | 0.55 | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.65 | 0.58 |
| Maximum rotation motion displacement (degree) | 0.57 | 0.87 | 0.56 | 0.52 | 0.75 | 1.34 | 0.55 | 0.58 |
| n | % | n | n | % | % | n | % | |
| Male | 100 | 42 | 53 | 38% | 57 | 43 | 56 | 50 |
| Female | 138 | 58 | 87 | 62% | 75 | 57 | 57 | 50 |
SD, standard deviation; n, number; HC, healthy control; BPP, bipolar disorder with psychosis; SAD, schizoaffective disorder; SZ, schizophrenia; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Examined by analysis of variance, there were significant group differences in PANSS scores (P‐value = 5.04 e − 18 for the positive score, P‐value = 1.87 e − 15 for the negative score, and P‐value = 1.45 e − 8 for the general score). There was no significant group differences in motion (P‐value = 0.17 for the translation parameter and P‐value = 0.23 for the rotation parameter, tested by analysis of variance).