Table 2.
Adverse Birth Outcomes by Exposure to 0–1 Dose vs 2 Doses vs ≥ 3 Doses of Intermittent Preventive Treatment Against Malaria Using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine
| Birth Outcome | No. of Women | Outcomes | Unadjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR a | 95% CI | P Value b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any adverse outcome | |||||||
| 0–1 dose | 126 | 58 | 1.00 | 1.00 | .002 | ||
| 2 doses | 310 | 108 | 0.63 | 0.41, 0.96 | 0.55 | 0.36, 0.86 | |
| ≥3 doses | 280 | 84 | 0.50 | 0.33, 0.78 | 0.43 | 0.27, 0.68 | |
| Stillbirth | |||||||
| 0–1 dose | 126 | 4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | .143 | ||
| 2 doses | 310 | 2 | 0.20 | 0.04, 1.10 | 0.21 | 0.04, 1.19 | |
| ≥3 doses | 280 | 6 | 0.67 | 0.19, 2.41 | 0.68 | 0.18, 2.57 | |
| Low birth weight | |||||||
| 0–1 dose | 126 | 32 | 1.00 | 1.00 | .261 | ||
| 2 doses | 310 | 67 | 0.80 | 0.49, 1.30 | 0.71 | 0.42, 1.19 | |
| ≥3 doses | 280 | 57 | 0.74 | 0.45, 1.22 | 0.64 | 0.37, 1.09 | |
| Preterm delivery | |||||||
| 0–1 dose | 126 | 50 | 1.00 | 1.00 | <0.001 | ||
| 2 doses | 310 | 71 | 0.45 | 0.29, 0.71 | 0.42 | 0.27, 0.67 | |
| ≥3 doses | 280 | 37 | 0.23 | 0.14, 0.38 | 0.21 | 0.13, 0.35 | |
| Intrauterine growth retardation | |||||||
| 0–1 dose | 126 | 7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | .318 | ||
| 2 doses | 310 | 34 | 1.64 | 0.70, 3.87 | 1.55 | 0.64, 3.77 | |
| ≥3 doses | 280 | 43 | 2.12 | 0.91, 4.93 | 1.88 | 0.78, 4.54 | |
CIs that do not overlap the null value of OR = 1 are shown in bold.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
aAdjusted for sexually transmitted and reproductive tract coinfection, gravidae, and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection.
b P value for likelihood ratio test.