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. 2017 Apr 13;12:3049–3058. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S131805

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© 2017 Huang et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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DPV responses of GCE (a), AuNPs@PThi/GCE (b), AuNPs/AuNPs@PThi/GCE (c), anti-CA19-9/AuNPs/AuNPs@PThi/GCE (d), BSA/anti-CA19-9/AuNPs/AuNPs@PThi/GCE (e), and CA19-9/BSA/anti-CA19-9/AuNPs/AuNPs@PThi/GCE (f) in PBS (pH 3.5) for the different steps of the label-free immunosensor.

Note: The inset shows the amplified section of varied current (ΔI) between curve e and curve f due to the formation of immunoreactions exposed to CA19-9.

Abbreviations: DPV, differential pulse voltammetry; GCE, glassy carbon electrode; AuNPs@PThi, polythionine-Au composites; CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; BSA, bovine serum albumin; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline.