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. 2017 Apr 13;12:3049–3058. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S131805

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© 2017 Huang et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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EIS of GCE (a), AuNPs@PThi/GCE (b), AuNPs/AuNPs@PThi/GCE (c), anti-CA19-9/AuNPs/AuNPs@PThi/GCE (d), BSA/anti-CA19-9/AuNPs/AuNPs@ PThi/GCE (e), and CA19-9/BSA/anti-CA19-9/AuNPs/AuNPs@PThi/GCE (f) in 10 mmol/L [Fe(CN₆)]³⁻/[Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ and 0.1 mol/L KCl from 0.1 Hz to 100 kHz.

Abbreviations: GCE, glassy carbon electrode; AuNPs@PThi, polythionine-Au composites; CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; BSA, bovine serum albumin; EIS, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.