Table 1.

Comparison of test results of the proposed label-free electrochemical immunosensor with ECL

Samples	Found by the immunosensor (U/mL)	Found by the ECL (U/mL)	Relative error (%)
Normal control
1	2.39	2.44	−2.05
2	5.15	5.47	−5.85
3	9.84	9.49	3.69
4	9.25	10	−7.50
5	13	13.95	−6.81
6	17.71	18.59	−4.73
7	18.75	19.58	−4.24
8	20.72	22.48	−7.83
9	25.86	24	7.75
10	25.92	25.99	−0.27
Pancreatic cancer
11	36.11	39.2	−7.88
12	37.97	40.3	−5.78
13	45.73	48.5	−5.71
14	51.38	56	−8.25
15	65.94	62.3	5.84
16	64.86	63.5	2.14
17	71.55	70.4	1.63
18	81.26	73.5	10.56
19	75.82	76	−0.24
20	83.85	80.3	4.42
21	90.05	88.3	1.98
22	88.26	96.2	−8.25
23	131.3	124.5	5.46
24	144.5	150.8	−4.18
25	189.1	198	−4.49
26	198.9	219	−9.18
27	213.9	227.8	−6.10
28	289.8	276	5.00
29	345.3	360	−4.08
30	464.3	450	3.18

Abbreviation: ECL, electrochemiluminescence.