Table 3.
Probability of item endorsement for prolonged grief, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms for three-class solution.
Overall symptom frequency |
Resilient class (1) (20.0%) |
PGD class (2) (41.8%) |
Combined class (3) (38.2%) |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Item-number | Symptom | Cluster | N | % | Prob. | SE | Prob. | SE | Prob. | SE |
PGD symptoms | ||||||||||
3 | Yearning | Separation distress | 145 | 87.3 | 0.63 | 0.11 | 0.91 | 0.05 | 0.96 | 0.03 |
4–12 | Confusing about one’s role in life, Difficulty accepting death, Avoidance of reminders of the loss, Difficulty trusting others, Bitterness or anger, Difficulty moving on, Numbness, Feeling life is meaningless, Feeling stunned | Cognitive, emotional, and behavioural symptoms | 93 | 55.7 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.47 | 0.08 | 0.93 | 0.04 |
MDD symptoms | ||||||||||
1–16 | Sleep difficulties, Depressed mood, Weight gain/loss, Diminished concentration, Worthlessness, Recurrent thoughts of death/suicide, Diminished interest in activities, Fatigue, Psychomotor agitation or retardation | MDD | 17 | 10.3 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.27 | 0.06 |
PTSD symptoms | ||||||||||
1–5 | Intrusive memories, Disturbing dreams, Reliving, Feeling upset, Physical reactions | Intrusion symptoms | 94 | 67.6 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.74 | 0.09 | 0.94 | 0.04 |
6–7 | Avoidance of internal reminders, Avoidance of external reminders | Avoidance symptoms | 40 | 28.8 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.54 | 0.07 |
8–14 | Inability to remember aspect of the event, Negative beliefs, Self-blame, Negative mood, Diminished interest in activities, Feelings of detachment, Inability to experience positive emotions | Negative alterations in cognition and mood | 65 | 46.8 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.22 | 0.08 | 0.98 | 0.03 |
15–20 | Irritable, Taking risks, Being superalert, Feeling jumpy, Concentration problems, Sleep disturbance | Alterations in arousal and reactivity | 64 | 46.0 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.26 | 0.07 | 0.91 | 0.05 |
PGD = prolonged grief disorder; MDD = major depressive disorder; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; Prob. = probability estimate; SE = standard error