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. 2017 Mar 10;8(1):1298311. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2017.1298311

Table 3.

Probability of item endorsement for prolonged grief, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms for three-class solution.

      Overall symptom frequency
Resilient class (1)
(20.0%)
PGD class (2)
(41.8%)
Combined class (3)
(38.2%)
Item-number Symptom Cluster N % Prob. SE Prob. SE Prob. SE
PGD symptoms                  
3 Yearning Separation distress 145 87.3 0.63 0.11 0.91 0.05 0.96 0.03
4–12 Confusing about one’s role in life, Difficulty accepting death, Avoidance of reminders of the loss, Difficulty trusting others, Bitterness or anger, Difficulty moving on, Numbness, Feeling life is meaningless, Feeling stunned Cognitive, emotional, and behavioural symptoms 93 55.7 0.03 0.06 0.47 0.08 0.93 0.04
MDD symptoms                  
1–16 Sleep difficulties, Depressed mood, Weight gain/loss, Diminished concentration, Worthlessness, Recurrent thoughts of death/suicide, Diminished interest in activities, Fatigue, Psychomotor agitation or retardation MDD 17 10.3 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.06
PTSD symptoms                  
1–5 Intrusive memories, Disturbing dreams, Reliving, Feeling upset, Physical reactions Intrusion symptoms 94 67.6 0.05 0.11 0.74 0.09 0.94 0.04
6–7 Avoidance of internal reminders, Avoidance of external reminders Avoidance symptoms 40 28.8 0.07 0.09 0.17 0.07 0.54 0.07
8–14 Inability to remember aspect of the event, Negative beliefs, Self-blame, Negative mood, Diminished interest in activities, Feelings of detachment, Inability to experience positive emotions Negative alterations in cognition and mood 65 46.8 0.03 0.06 0.22 0.08 0.98 0.03
15–20 Irritable, Taking risks, Being superalert, Feeling jumpy, Concentration problems, Sleep disturbance Alterations in arousal and reactivity 64 46.0 0.04 0.06 0.26 0.07 0.91 0.05

PGD = prolonged grief disorder; MDD = major depressive disorder; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; Prob. = probability estimate; SE = standard error