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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 22.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2017 Mar 22;93(6):1296–1313. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.005

Figure 2. Pathways implicated in diabetic neuropathy pathogenesis.

Figure 2

Nerve dysfunction and cell death in DN results from a complex myriad of events that are triggered by the metabolic imbalances associated with diabetes. Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and/or insulin resistance promotes activation of the protein kinase C (PKC), polyol, advanced glycation end-product (AGE), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and hexosamine pathways, as well as loss of insulin signalling, which culminate in deleterious effects on mitochondrial function and gene expression along with inflammation and oxidative stress.