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. 2016 Dec 19;72(3):744–753. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkw482

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© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Human IL-8 and TNF-α concentrations in whole human blood following exposure to 5HE-C14-TMA (256 mg/L), untreated USA300 biofilm or USA300 biofilm treated with 5HE-C14-TMA (256 mg/L) for 2 h. Supernatants were collected and the plasma fraction subjected to a Bio-Plex Precision Pro™ (magnetic) human cytokine immunoassay (Bio-Rad). Means of cytokine concentrations obtained from three donors (±SD) are shown. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA and is indicated (*P < 0.5). h, human.