Fig. 7.

Spatially varying selection between urban and coastal populations. For each of the three southern An. coluzzii subpopulations, 80 reconstructed haplotypes are visualized by color-coding 28 biallelic SNPs in the 3R GSTE/CYP450 sweep either gray or white. A single invariant haplotype—all gray SNPs—is common in (A) Yaoundé, less so in (B) Douala, and very rare in (C) coastal populations. (D, E) Similarly, in PCA and NJ tree analysis of the same 28 SNPs, coastal individuals (navy blue) are diffuse across genotypic space, whereas Yaoundé mosquitoes (purple) are tightly clustered. As expected, Douala (pink) exhibits an intermediate degree of variation. (F) STRUCTURE analysis based solely on the 28 SNPs within the sweep shows clear distinctions between the three populations.