Table 3. Mean consumption of selected foods, alcohol and tobacco for the TAS2R38 diplotype in all subjects and colorectal cancer cases and controls (mean ± standard deviation)a.
| TAS2R38 | Energy (kcal/day) | Vegetables (g/day) | Fruits (g/day) | Fiber (g/day) | Fat-food (g/day) | Sweets (g/day) | Alcoholb (g/day) | Tobaccob (cigarettes/day) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Cruciferous | Dark green | All | Citrus | |||||||
| All subjects (n = 2036) | |||||||||||
| PAV/PAV (n = 726) | 1992.1 ± 640.9 | 373.1 ± 191.7 | 179.6 ± 113.5 | 38.3 ± 36.2 | 191.8 ± 193.7 | 40.8 ± 61.5 | 19.5 ± 6.8 | 4.8 ± 4.4 | 24.1 ± 31.2 | 22.9 ± 31.6 | 17.2 ± 9.5 |
| PAV/AVI (n = 981) | 1963.8 ± 636.4 | 372.3 ± 186.5 | 176.7 ± 104.8 | 38.0 ± 34.3 | 177.8 ± 178.2 | 38.3 ± 49.4 | 19.3 ± 6.3 | 4.7 ± 4.9 | 26.8 ± 44.4 | 23.1 ± 30.5 | 16.3 ± 9.0 |
| AVI/AVI (n = 329) | 1975.7 ± 618.3 | 383.8 ± 197.3 | 177.9 ± 117.2 | 39.3 ± 29.3 | 196.2 ± 226.2 | 40.8 ± 54.2 | 19.9 ± 6.6 | 4.5 ± 4.6 | 27.6 ± 42.3 | 18.6 ± 23.8 | 16.4 ± 9.5 |
| pcrudec | 0.595 | 0.787 | 0.862 | 0.432 | 0.207 | 0.830 | 0.446 | 0.275 | 0.445 | 0.149 | 0.266 |
| padjustedd | 0.303 | 0.974 | 0.928 | 0.634 | 0.281 | 0.928 | 0.739 | 0.422 | 0.580 | 0.280 | 0.293 |
| ptteste | 0.901 | 0.557 | 0.659 | 0.191 | 0.568 | 0.700 | 0.223 | 0.237 | 0.649 | 0.053 | 0.364 |
| Controls (n = 1,356) | |||||||||||
| PAV/PAV (n = 475) | 1841.0 ± 571.2 | 387.7 ± 207.8 | 186.6 ± 124.0 | 41.6 ± 39.3 | 206.1 ± 204.7 | 43.2 ± 64.9 | 20.3 ± 7.2 | 4.5 ± 4.3 | 23.2 ± 29.2 | 17.4 ± 22.4 | 16.2 ± 8.1 |
| PAV/AVI (n = 644) | 1833.5 ± 615.3 | 393.2 ± 206.6 | 182.5 ± 113.8 | 42.1 ± 39.0 | 191.4 ± 197.1 | 38.9 ± 53.8 | 20.3 ± 6.8 | 4.5 ± 5.1 | 26.1 ± 46.3 | 17.4 ± 21.7 | 15.3 ± 8.1 |
| AVI/AVI (n = 237) | 1867.0 ± 601.6 | 396.7 ± 212.0 | 180.6 ± 124.2 | 42.0 ± 32.0 | 216.1 ± 250.5 | 43.2 ± 58.4 | 20.6 ± 7.1 | 4.4 ± 4.3 | 27.2 ± 43.6 | 16.7 ± 21.6 | 14.8 ± 8.3 |
| pcrude | 0.618 | 0.738 | 0.769 | 0.877 | 0.091 | 0.314 | 0.876 | 0.885 | 0.441 | 0.814 | 0.109 |
| padjusted | 0.509 | 0.923 | 0.332 | 0.781 | 0.090 | 0.332 | 0.855 | 0.978 | 0.661 | 0.710 | 0.063 |
| pttest | 0.462 | 0.933 | 0.497 | 0.606 | 0.204 | 0.240 | 0.624 | 0.844 | 0.475 | 0.541 | 0.072 |
| Cases (n = 680) | |||||||||||
| PAV/PAV (n = 251) | 2278.1 ± 668.7 | 345.5 ± 153.5 | 166.2 ± 88.9 | 32.1 ± 28.6 | 164.9 ± 168.0 | 36.1 ± 54.2 | 17.9 ± 5.6 | 5.4 ± 4.6 | 25.8 ± 34.8 | 34.1 ± 42.6 | 19.3 ± 11.5 |
| PAV/AVI (n = 337) | 2212.8 ± 601.7 | 332.5 ± 131.7 | 165.8 ± 84.2 | 30.0 ± 20.6 | 152.3 ± 132.1 | 37.2 ± 39.6 | 17.5 ± 4.6 | 5.0 ± 4.5 | 28.1 ± 40.5 | 34.2 ± 40.5 | 18.2 ± 10.3 |
| AVI/AVI (n = 92) | 2255.7 ± 573.8 | 350.4 ± 149.0 | 170.7 ± 97.1 | 32.4 ± 19.3 | 145.1 ± 134.2 | 34.1 ± 39.9 | 18.1 ± 5.0 | 4.7 ± 5.3 | 28.7 ± 39.2 | 23.9 ± 28.7 | 20.9 ± 11.0 |
| pcrude | 0.603 | 0.669 | 0.961 | 0.536 | 0.440 | 0.377 | 0.632 | 0.139 | 0.852 | 0.162 | 0.156 |
| padjusted | 0.423 | 0.589 | 0.341 | 0.339 | 0.288 | 0.341 | 0.634 | 0.105 | 0.892 | 0.251 | 0.098 |
| pttest | 0.647 | 0.534 | 0.873 | 0.248 | 0.240 | 0.258 | 0.411 | 0.128 | 0.913 | 0.070 | 0.046 |
aSubjects with the AAV/AVI (n = 3); PAV/AVV (n = 1), PVI/AVI (n = 1), and PVV/AVI (n = 1) diplotypes were excluded from the statistical analyses due to the limited numbers.
bThe mean consumption was estimated among current/former drinkers and smokers.
cP-values for crude generalized linear models compared the intake of selected foods, alcohol and tobacco among groups.
dP-values for generalized linear models adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, regular exercise, family history of colorectal cancer, marital status, education level and household income as appropriate.
eP-values from Student’s t-tests of the comparison between genotypes of the recessive model for TAS2R38 (PAV/PAV+PAV/AVI versus AVI/AVI).