Table 1. Dysregulations in the PI3K pathway in HNSCC.
| PI3K Pathway Component | Type of alteration | Tumor site |
|---|---|---|
| p85 | Mutation [2, 11, 12] | |
| PTEN | Mutation [2, 13–15] Loss of heterozygosity [16, 17] Reduced expression [16] |
Not specified [2, 13, 14] Oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx [15] Tongue, larynx, oral cavity [17] Not specified [16] |
| AKT | Mutation [2] Activation [16, 18] Copy number alteration [19] Over-expression [20] |
|
| mTORC1 | Mutation [2] Activation [21] |
|
| EGFR | Mutation [22, 23] Activation [24] Overexpression [24] |
Laryngeal [23] Not specified [22] |