Table 1.
Characteristics of women with negative and positive 1-hour pad tests after VVF repair (n=431) Pearson’s χ2 test utilized; EUM: External urethral meatus
| Characteristic | Positive Pad Weight (n=194) | Negative Pad Weight (n=237) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age category | 0.039 | ||
| 18–24 | 33 (17.0) | 47 (19.8) | |
| 25–44 | 100 (51.6) | 144 (60.8) | |
| ≥45 | 61 (31.4) | 46 (19.4) | |
| HIV Status | 0.738 | ||
| HIV-infected | 14 (7.2) | 15 (6.3) | |
| Missing | 3 (1.6) | 2 (0.8) | |
| History of prior fistula surgery at outside facility | 0.265 | ||
| Yes | 48 (24.7) | 48 (20.3) | |
| Revised Goh Classification | <0.001 | ||
| Type 1 (distal edge of fistula >3.5 cm from EUM) | 42 (21.7) | 117 (49.4) | |
| Type 2 (distal edge of fistula 2.5–3.5 cm from EUM) | 33 (17.0) | 55 (23.2) | |
| Type 3 (distal edge of fistula 1.5–2.5 cm from EUM) | 74 (38.1) | 52 (21.9) | |
| Type 4 (distal edge of fistula <1.5 cm from EUM) | 41 (21.1) | 8 (3.4) | |
| Missing | 4 (2.1) | 5 (2.1) | |
| Goh VVF Size | 0.002 | ||
| <1.5 cm | 54 (27.8) | 102 (43.0) | |
| 1.5–3.0 cm | 70 (36.1) | 82 (34.6) | |
| >3.0 cm | 66 (34.0) | 47 (19.8) | |
| Missing | 4 (2.1) | 6 (2.5) | |
| Vaginal Scarring | 0.002 | ||
| None/Minimal | 70 (36.1) | 119 (50.2) | |
| Moderate/Severe/Obliterated | 123 (63.4) | 112 (47.3) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.5) | 6 (2.5) | |
| Days of urethral catheterization post-operatively | 0.039 | ||
| 0–14 | 95 (49.0) | 139 (58.7) | |
| 15–21 | 87 (44.9) | 78 (32.9) | |
| ≥22 | 9 (4.6) | 10 (4.2) | |
| Missing | 3 (1.6) | 10 (4.2) | |
| Post-op Cough Stress Test | <0.001 | ||
| Positive | 112 (57.7) | 41 (17.3) | |
| Missing | 10 (5.2) | 11 (4.6) | |
| Other Incontinence | |||
| Urge | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.117 |
| Low bladder capacity | 18 (9.3) | 2 (0.8) | <0.001 |