FIG 1.

Roles of mast cells and basophils in primary and secondary S. venezuelensis infections. (A) Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-mMCP8 Ab (DAB [3,3′-diaminobenzidine] substrate) to visualize basophils (some are indicated with small black arrows) and Giemsa counterstaining (4-μm-thick, paraffin-embedded sections) in sections of jejunum from wild-type C57BL/6 mice 7 days after inoculation with 10,000 S. venezuelensis L3. The left and middle panels are representative images from jejunal villi, and the right panel is a representative image from jejunal submucosa. S. v., S. venezuelensis. (B to E) Kinetics of S. venezuelensis egg excretion after inoculation of 10,000 S. venezuelensis L3 in primary infections (1^o) or secondary infections (2^o [in mice inoculated with 10,000 S. venezuelensis L3 28 days after the first inoculation]) in C57BL/6-Hello Kitty and control mice (n = 22 each) for 1^o infections (7 experiments) and C57BL/6-Hello Kitty (n = 12) and control (n = 11) mice for 2^o infections (4 experiments) (B), BALB/c-MasTRECK mice treated with DT (n = 5) and control mice (n = 4) for 1^o infections (2 experiments) and BALB/c-MasTRECK mice treated with DT and control mice (n = 5 for each) for 2^o infections (2 experiments) (C), C57BL/6-Kit^W-sh/W-sh and control mice (n = 9 each) for 1^o infections (6 experiments) and C57BL/6-Kit^W-sh/W-sh (n = 10) and control (n = 3) mice for 2^o infections (3 experiments) (D), and Mcpt8^DTR/+ mice treated with DT (n = 26) and control mice (n = 27) for 1^o infections (9 experiments) and Mcpt8^DTR/+ mice treated with DT (n = 15) and control mice (n = 7) for 2^o infections (2 experiments) (E). The numbers of eggs are shown as means + standard errors of the means (SEM) determined by pooling the data from all the experiments that were performed with each strain. Numerators in the fraction numbers for 2^o infections indicate the number of mice for which eggs were detected, and denominators indicate the number of mice examined. Absence of fraction numbers or lines for 2^o infections means that none of the mice produced detectable eggs. ***, P < 0.0001; **, P < 0.001; *, P < 0.05; no asterisks, P > 0.05 (for comparisons between each mutant mouse and the corresponding controls at each time point performed with the unpaired, two-tailed Student's t test and, as indicated next to the legend for groups of mice, with 2-way ANOVA to compare the time courses of the responses).