Table 2.
Characteristics of subjects with COPD (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.70), asthma (prior medical diagnosis of asthma) and ACOS (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.70 and prior medical diagnosis of asthma)
| Variables | Asthma | COPD | ACOS | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 149) | (N = 227) | (N = 82) | ||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 56.3 (9.7) | 67.8 (9.0) | 65.0 (9.8) | <0.001 |
| Age, complete years, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| 40–49 | 42 (28.2) | 4 (1.8) | 3 (3.7) | |
| 50–59 | 60 (40.3) | 44 (19.4) | 27 (32.9) | |
| ≥ 60 | 47 (31.5) | 179 (78.8) | 52 (63.4) | |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 43 (28.9) | 134 (59.0) | 39 (47.6) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 30.0 (5.5) | 26.3 (5.8) | 26.4 (6.1) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| < 25 | 25 (16.8) | 104 (45.8) | 34 (41.5) | |
| 25–29.9 | 55 (36.9) | 75 (33.0) | 32 (39.0) | |
| ≥ 30 | 69 (46.3) | 48 (21.2) | 16 (19.5) | |
| Smoking, pack-years, mean (SD) | 26.8 (21.6) | 48.3 (30.2) | 35.0 (27.4) | <0.001 |
| Pack-years smoked during life, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| < 20 | 70 (49.7) | 27 (12.2) | 27 (34.6) | |
| 20–30 | 23 (16.3) | 36 (16.2) | 12 (15.4) | |
| > 30 | 48 (34.0) | 159 (71.6) | 39 (50.0) | |
| Biomass exposure, complete years, n (%) | 0.004 | |||
| ≥ 10 | 38 (25.5) | 96 (42.3) | 28 (34.1) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
| Never | 11 (7.4) | 2 (0.9) | 3 (3.8) | |
| Former | 93 (62.8) | 134 (59.3) | 44 (55.0) | |
| Current | 44 (29.7) | 90 (39.8) | 33 (41.3) | |
| Respiratory symptoms present, n (%) | ||||
| Cough | 56 (37.6) | 95 (41.9) | 40 (48.8) | <0.001 |
| Phlegm | 40 (26.9) | 100 (44.1) | 39 (47.6) | <0.001 |
| Wheezing | 40 (26.9) | 48 (21.2) | 26 (31.7) | <0.001 |
| Dyspnoea | 83 (61.0) | 126 (59.4) | 56 (75.7) | <0.001 |
| mMRC scale, mean (SD) | 1.1 (1.3) | 1.3 (1.3) | 1.7 (1.3) | 0.166 |
| Prior spirometry, n (%) | 48 (32.2) | 66 (29.1) | 48 (58.5) | <0.001 |
| Self-reported diagnosis: COPD, n (%) | 5 (3.4) | 46 (20.3) | 25 (30.5) | <0.001 |
| Self-reported diagnosis: Asthma, n (%) | 149 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 82 (100.0) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity score, mean (SD) | 1.2 (1.0) | 1.2 (0.9) | 1.1 (1.0) | 0.013 |
| Comorbidity score, n (%) | 0.742 | |||
| None | 39 (26.2) | 50 (22.3) | 24 (29.6) | |
| 1 | 57 (38.3) | 92 (41.1) | 32 (39.5) | |
| 2 | 36 (24.2) | 63 (28.1) | 18 (22.2) | |
| 3+ | 17 (11.4) | 19 (8.5) | 7 (8.6) | |
| Any exacerbation within the past year, n (%) (Yes) | 23 (15.4) | 19 (8.4) | 14 (17.1) | <0.001 |
| Number of exacerbations, past year, mean (SD) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.2 (0.7) | 0.4 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| Hospitalisation due to exacerbation, past year, n (%) | 3 (2.0) | 8 (3.5) | 3 (3.7) | 0.006 |
| GOLD 2007 stage, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 149 (100.0) | - | - | |
| I | - | 43 (18.9) | 10 (12.2) | |
| II | - | 124 (54.6) | 45 (54.9) | |
| III | - | 44 (19.4) | 20 (24.4) | |
| IV | - | 16 (7.1) | 7 (8.5) | |
| GOLD 2013 stage, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 149 (100.0) | - | - | |
| A | - | 104 (45.8 | 29 (35.4) | |
| B | - | 57 (25.1) | 22 (26.8) | |
| C | - | 18 (7.9) | 10 (12.2) | |
| D | - | 48 (21.2) | 21 (25.6) |
Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index
Maximum number of missing for each category of ACOS is for dyspnoea (asthma n = 13, COPD n = 15 and ACOS n = 8)