Table 5.

Prevalence ratio and relative risk (crude and adjusted analysis) for exacerbations, hospitalisations due to exacerbation in the past year and mMRC scale in the different phenotypes

	Asthma	p-value	COPD	ACOS	p-value
Asthma defined by wheezing + reversibility
Exacerbations in the past year (yes/no)
Unadjusted – PR (95% CI)	1.85 (0.85; 4.06)	0.122	1.00	2.68 (1.30; 5.52)	0.007
Adjusteda– PR (95% CI)	2.24 (0.92; 5.45)	0.075	1.00	2.20 (1.10; 4.39)	0.026
Number of exacerbations in the past year
Unadjusted – RR (95% CI)	1.77 (0.72; 4.34)	0.210	1.00	2.10 (0.90; 4.90)	0.086
Adjusteda– RR (95% CI)	2.84 (0.94; 8.61)	0.065	1.00	1.64 (0.78; 3.44)	0.191
Hospitalisations in the past year
Unadjusted – PR (95% CI)	0.76 (0.10; 5.96)	0.795	1.00	2.89 (0.80; 10.39)	0.104
Adjusteda– PR (95% CI)	3.57 (0.48; 26.59)	0.214	1.00	1.65 (0.53; 5.06)	0.385
mMRC scale
Unadjusted – RR (95% CI)	0.64 (0.41; 0.99)	0.289	1.00	1.17 (0.88; 1.56)	0.046
Adjusteda– RR (95% CI)	0.73 (0.48; 1.12)	0.149	1.00	1.22 (0.92; 1.12)	0.176
Asthma defined as medical diagnosis
Exacerbations in the past year (yes/no)
Unadjusted – PR (95% CI)	1.80 (1.01; 3.20)	0.046	1.00	1.80 (0.91; 3.53)	0.089
Adjusteda– PR (95% CI)	1.57 (0.75; 3.27)	0.231	1.00	1.29 (0.64; 2.60)	0.480
Number of exacerbations in the past year
Unadjusted – RR (95% CI)	1.92 (0.99; 3.68)	0.054	1.00	1.68 (0.77; 3.66)	0.191
Adjusteda– RR (95% CI)	2.01 (0.94; 4.30)	0.072	1.00	1.32 (0.60; 2.88)	0.490
Hospitalisations in the past year
Unadjusted – PR (95% CI)	0.58 (0.16; 2.16)	0.419	1.00	1.07 (0.29; 3.92)	0.923
Adjusteda– PR (95% CI)	0.68 (0.17; 2.69)	0.581	1.00	0.72 (0.21; 2.44)	0.596
mMRC scale
Unadjusted – RR (95% CI)	0.90 (0.72; 1.14)	0.311	1.00	1.24 (0.98; 1.56)	0.052
Adjusteda– RR (95% CI)	0.97 (0.75; 1.25)	0.799	1.00	1.20 (0.96; 1.21)	0.108

^aAdjusted for age, sex, skin colour, body mass index, schooling, comorbidity score, pack-years and any treatment (bronchodilator or corticosteroid)

Abbreviations: PR prevalence ratio, RR relative risk