Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of variables for rural and urban residents
| Rural residents | Urban residents | Test statistics/ Chi-square | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean/Proportion | S.D. | Mean/Proportion | S.D. | |||
| Dependent variable | ||||||
| Self-rated physical health (%) | 45.134b | 0.000 | ||||
| Unhealthy | 37.13 | 29.13 | ||||
| Healthy | 62.87 | 70.87 | ||||
| Independent variables | ||||||
| Evaluation of air pollution (%) | 729.847b | 0.000 | ||||
| Not serious | 82.90 | 49.44 | ||||
| Serious | 17.10 | 50.56 | ||||
| Evaluation of green space shortage (%) | 448.839b | 0.000 | ||||
| Not serious | 91.23 | 68.47 | ||||
| Serious | 8.77 | 31.53 | ||||
| Evaluation of water pollution (%) | 255.300b | 0.000 | ||||
| Not serious | 76.09 | 56.50 | ||||
| Serious | 23.91 | 43.50 | ||||
| Evaluation of freshwater resource shortage (%) | 91.526b | 0.000 | ||||
| Not serious | 79.19 | 68.28 | ||||
| Serious | 20.81 | 31.65 | ||||
| Doing physical exercise (%) | 594.107 b | 0.000 | ||||
| Infrequently | 85.60 | 56.43 | ||||
| Frequently | 14.40 | 43.57 | ||||
| Control variables | ||||||
| Age | 48.04 | 15.23 | 46.41 | 15.85 | 4.098a | 0.000 |
| Gender (%) | 0.028b | 0.867 | ||||
| Male | 53.61 | 53.40 | ||||
| Female | 46.39 | 46.60 | ||||
| Marital status (%) | 40.360b | 0.000 | ||||
| Single, divorced, widowed, etc. | 15.26 | 21.65 | ||||
| Married | 84.74 | 78.35 | ||||
| Educational attainments (%) | 1100b | 0.000 | ||||
| Junior high school and below | 85.11 | 43.54 | ||||
| Senior high school | 11.38 | 27.26 | ||||
| Bachelor degree and above | 3.51 | 29.20 | ||||
| Annual household income (Yuan) | 36413.10 | 45242.74 | 76545.49 | 90745.89 | -20.435a | 0.000 |
| Hukou status (%) | 213.380b | 0.000 | ||||
| Non-local hukou | 3.26 | 14.64 | ||||
| Local hukou | 96.74 | 85.36 | ||||
| Insurance schemes (%) | 174.131b | 0.000 | ||||
| Have not joined any BMI and PCMI schemes | 5.22 | 9.83 | ||||
| Have joined both BMI and PCMI schemes | 5.96 | 13.64 | ||||
| Have joined BMI schemes but not PCMI schemes | 88.21 | 74.78 | ||||
| Have joined PCMI schemes but not BMI schemes | 0.61 | 1.75 | ||||
a t-Test statistics. bChi-square statistics