Table 2. Effects of the 8-week training program on the VirtualEx-FM exergame and control groups (n = 76).
| EG (n = 41) | CG (n = 35) | Differences between interventions [mean (95% CI)]* | F-value | P-valuea | P-value (age as covariate) | Effect size | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre- intervention, mean (SD) | Post- intervention, mean (SD) | Pre- intervention, mean (SD) | Post- intervention, mean (SD) | ||||||
| TUG (s) | 6.69 (0.90) | 6.19 (0.61) | 6.71 (0.78) | 6.93 (1.13) | −0.71 (−1.09–0.32) | 13.692 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.86 |
| Balance EOFS (°) | 0.53 (0.20) | 0.58 (0.22) | 0.67 (0.34) | 0.67 (0.53) | 0.05 (−0.08–0.19) | 0.637 | 0.427 | 0.432 | 0.19 |
| Balance ECFS (°) | 0.99 (0.53) | 0.85 (0.51) | 0.98 (0.67) | 1.08 (0.95) | −0.24 (−0.50–0.01) | 3.480 | 0.066 | 0.067 | 0.41 |
| Balance EOUS (°) | 1.18 (0.42) | 1.00 (0.22) | 1.23 (0.62) | 1.21 (0.62) | −0.16 (−0.33–0.00) | 3.802 | 0.055 | 0.056 | 0.31 |
| Balance ECUS (°) | 3.25 (0.93) | 2.76 (0.66) | 2.79 (1.76) | 2.73 (1.19) | −0.42 (−0.82–0.02) | 4.555 | 0.036 | 0.037 | 0.32 |
| Functional reach (cm) | 19.71 (7.54) | 23.00 (5.15) | 19.49 (5.70) | 18.43 (6.62) | 4.34 (1.39–7.30) | 8.582 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.65 |
| Fear of falling | 26.10 (28.53) | 21.09 (25.92) | 28.57 (30.40) | 33.42 (32.17) | −9.85 (−0.19–0.08) | 4.044 | 0.048 | 0.048 | 0.34 |
Notes.
- EG
- Exercise group
- CG
- Control group
- TUG
- Timed-Up-Go
- EOFS
- eyes open on a firm surface
- ECFS
- eyes closed on a firm surface
- EOUS
- eyes open on an unstable surface
- ECUS
- eyes closed on an unstable surface.
- SD
- Standard deviation.
*
Differences between interventions: calculated as (post-intervention EG—pre-intervention EG)—(post-intervention CG—pre-intervention CG).
a
P-values calculated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures.