Table 3.

Cross-sectional analyses using hierarchical multiple regression with cognitive ability at time 1 as dependent variable

Predictor	Cross-sectional
	Episodic memory		Semantic memory		Visuospatial ability
	ΔR 2	β	ΔR 2	β	ΔR 2	β
Step 1	.287***		.261***		.159***
Age		−.165***		.033		−.189***
Gender		.197***		.141***		−.102**
Education		.418***		.500***		.277***
Step 2	.006		.006		.002
Subjective health		.030		.043		.014
Depressive symptoms		−.048		−.028		−.027
Physical exercise		.025		−.026		.021
Alcohol use		.037		.041		−.017
Step 3	.005*		.009**		.007*
Network size		.074*		.099**		.088*
Total R 2	.298***		.275***		.168***
n	804		804		804

ΔR ² R square change, β standardized beta

* p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001