Table 5. Sperm motility and migration of non-capacitated and capacitated bull sperm in various temperature gradients (37–40ºC).

Sperm capacitation	Temp. (ºC)	Motility (%)	Low temp		High temp
			No. sperm	%	No. sperm	%
non-capacitated	37–38	50.3 ± 5.9 a	280.5 ± 38.1	45.9	331.2 ± 29.6	54.1
	38–39	52.4 ± 5.0 a	284.3 ± 22.5	39.9	428.7 ± 35.3	60.1 *
	39–40	49.2 ± 4.9 a	273.6 ± 25.4	44.8	337.1 ± 28.7	55.2
capacitated	37–38	41.3 ± 3.9 b	213.9 ± 34.5	43.2	291.7 ± 36.5	57.7
	38–39	42.1 ± 4.8 ab	197.4 ± 38.5	41.2	281.9 ± 37.9	58.8 *
	39–40	38.9 ± 4.5 b	169.1 ± 41.2	39.2	262.2 ± 34.3	60.8 *

Each value represents the mean ± SEM of sperm from 3–5 experiments. Sperm capacitation was induced with treatment of incubation of sperm with media containing with heparin, caffein. ^{a, b} The sperm motility was significantly different with/without sperm capacitation (P < 0.05). * The number of sperm was significantly different between low and high temperature of the same temperature gradient (P < 0.05).